Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (Pinus spp.). Dothistroma septosporum is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding Pinus armandii. In 15 inoculated P. armandii seedlings, D. septosporum acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of D. septosporum to cause symptoms on the needles of P. armandii via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of P. armandii was similar to the positive control, Pinus nigra (median 0.75 for P. armandii to 0.70 for P. nigra), thus, P. armandii acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.     

Seasonal shoot and needle growth of loblolly pine responds to thinning, fertilization, and crown position

The impacts of thinning, fertilization and crown position on seasonal growth of current-year shoots and foliage were studied in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the sixth post-treatment year (1994). Length of new flushes, and their needle length, leaf area, and oven-dry weight were measured in the upper and lower crown from March through November. Total shoot length was the cumulative length of all flushes on a given shoot and total leaf area per shoot was the sum of leaf areas of the flushes.

By the end of June, first-flush foliage reached 70% of the November needle length (14.3 cm) and 65% of the final leaf area (15.0 cm²). Cumulative shoot length of first- and second-flush shoots achieved 95% of the annual length (30.3 cm), whereas total leaf area per shoot was 55% of the final value (75.3 dm²). Fertilization consistently stimulated fascicle needle length, dry weight, and leaf area in the upper crown. Mean leaf area of upper-crown shoots was increased by 64% six years after fertilization. A significant thinning effect was found to decrease mean leaf area per shoot in the crown. For most of the growing season, the thinned-fertilized trees produced substantially more leaf area per shoot throughout the crown than the thinned-nonfertilized trees. These thinned-fertilized trees also had greater needle length and dry weight, longer first flush shoots, and more leaf area per flush than trees in the thinned-nonfertilized plots. Needle length and leaf area of first flush shoots between April and July were linearly related to previous-month canopy air temperature (T_a). Total shoot length strongly depended on vertical light gradient (PPFD) within the canopy, whereas shoot leaf area was a function of both PPFD and T_a. Thus, trees produced larger and heavier fascicles, more and longer flush shoots, and more leaf area per shoot in the upper crown than the lower crown. We conclude that thinning, fertilization, and crown position regulate annual leaf area production of current-year shoots largely by affecting the expansion of first flush shoots and their foliage during the first half of the growing season.     

松针提取物药理作用研究进展

松针提取物富含维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、松针类黄酮、酚类化合物等生物活性物质,许多研究表明,松针提取物具有降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、护肝、抗癌等作用。论文综述了近年来松针提取物的主要活性物质,以及主要药理作用研究进展,为进一步开发利用松针资源提供参考。     

喀斯特森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程的影响

蒸发是西南喀斯特地区薄层土壤水分损失的主要途径,浅层土壤水分的存蓄对喀斯特地区农业生产和生态恢复至关重要。以西南喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土为研究对象,基于室内蒸渗试验设置4个苔藓生物量(0,0.32,0.64,0.95 kg/m~2)和3个松针生物量(0,0.32,0.64 kg/m~2)共12种处理,分析森林近地表层覆盖对碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程及表层温度时空分布的影响规律,并对比3种蒸发模型(Black、Rose、空气动力学蒸发模型)在喀斯特森林碳酸盐岩红土的适用性。结果表明:苔藓和松针覆盖显著降低累积蒸发量和蒸发速率(P0.05),接种苔藓0.95 kg/m~2和覆盖松针0.64 kg/m~2处理比裸土累积蒸发量小36.9%;苔藓和松针导致土壤含水量显著增加(P0.05);苔藓和松针增加了表层土壤的平均温度,松针对土壤温度的提升作用强于苔藓;Black、Rose和空气动力学模型均能较好地模拟碳酸盐岩红土蒸发过程,Black蒸发模型的拟合精度高于Rose和空气动力学蒸发模型。研究结果能为西南喀斯特地区的水量平衡分析提供理论支撑并加强对喀斯特森林地表水文过程的认知。     

FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY OF THORACIC LESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS

Forty-eight fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of intrathoracic lesions were obtained with a Westcott needle by localizing needle placement using TV-monitored, image-amplified fluoroscopy and by detecting changes in tactile sensation. Thiryt-five lesions were pulmonary in origin and 13 were within the mediastinum. Most biospy specimens were obtained with the patients sedated, however, general anesthesia was used in one patient to prevent movement that could have resulted in puncture of a critical structure. The only clinical and radiographic complication from this procedure was pneumothorax, occurring in eight dogs and resulting in one death. Definitive diagnoses were made from tissue obtained from 37 of the 48 lesions sampled for a sensitivity rate of 77.1%. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was found to be a simple, safe, and accurate diagnostic technique.     

Fine needle aspiration cytology and histologic correlation in canine tumors

Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 147 skin tumors in 119 dogs over a 4-year period. Both air-dried smears (Wright's stain) and wet-fixed smears (Papanicolaou's stain) were prepared from the aspirates from each tumor and the cytological diagnosis was correlated with histology. In 105 tumors, the cytological and histological interpretations agreed. Histologically, there were 36 stromal tumors, including 19 fibrosarcomas and nine hemangiosarcomas. Cytologically, 12 of the fibrosarcomas and five of the hemangiosarcomas were interpreted correctly as malignant tumors. All 11 melanomas and all 37 mast cell tumors were identified correctly cytologically, while nine of the 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 of 21 adenocarcinomas and eight of 19 mammary carcinomas were interpreted as malignant using aspiration biopsy. The fine-needle technique also identified 16 dogs with metastases to the regional lymph nodes before surgical biopsies were undertaken. Benign tumors were incorrectly described as malignancies in only three cases.     

Metastatic pancreatic polypeptide‐secreting islet cell tumor in a dog

Abstract: A 14‐year‐old female spayed Golden Retriever was presented to the University of Florida's Veterinary Medical Center with history of lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis, intermittent vomiting, watery diarrhea, and weight loss for over a year. CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis were within reference intervals. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed mesenteric and jejunal lymphadenopathy and hyperechoic hepatic nodules. Cytologic examination of the enlarged lymph nodes revealed loosely cohesive cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism and rare punctate eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. The cytologic interpretation was metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. On surgical exploration, a mass was detected in the right lobe of the pancreas. Histologic evaluation determined the mass to be an islet cell tumor. Approximately 98% of cells were positive by immunolabeling for pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and only rare cells were positive for insulin or somatostatin. All cells were negative for glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, protein gene product 9.5, synaptophysin, and chromogranins A and B. Pancreatic tumors that primarily produce PP are rare in dogs, and this is the first report of both the cytologic and histologic features of an islet cell tumor predominantly secreting PP. Clinical signs for these tumors are typically absent or nonspecific; signs may include watery diarrhea, as noted in this dog, although the diarrhea may have resulted from lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis. Additional case studies are needed to further characterize the cytomorphologic features and clinical presentation of PP‐secreting islet cell tumor, or polypeptidoma, in dogs.     

松针内含物与马尾松毛虫生存发育关系的研究

本文用不同松树松针饲养马尾松毛虫,其结果与松针内含物的关系,经计算得出累计死亡率、化蛹率、羽化率、每个雌虫平均产卵率、周限增长率以及硬脂酸、油酸等14种。同时得出:维生素B_6(x_(13))对马尾松毛虫的化蛹、羽化和周限增长率的影响是第一位的重要因素,低沸点物质(x_8)包括萜烯类物质是影响马尾松毛虫化蛹、羽化的第二因子,苏氨酸(x_(21))是第三个因子。异亮氨酸(x_(22))是影响马尾松毛虫产卵量的第一重要因子,蛋氨酸(x_(20))是第二重要因子,维生素B_6是第三个重要因子。     

浮针结合再灌注活动治疗膝骨关节炎的临床观察

目的 观察浮针结合再灌注活动治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 将60例膝骨关节炎患者,随机分为浮针疗法组、常规针刺组,每组30例。浮针疗法组以膝关节周围患肌为针刺靶点,采用浮针结合再灌注活动治疗;常规针刺组采用以局部经穴、阿是穴为主的常规针灸疗法,配合生物灯照射治疗。于治疗前后,采集两组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、西安大略麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分,并于治疗结束时及1月后进行疗效评定。结果 （1）两组患者治疗后的VAS评分、WOMAC评分均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.01）;（2）浮针疗法组治疗后的VAS评分、治疗后及随访1个月的WOMAC评分均较常规针刺组减少得更明显（P<0.05）;（3）6次治疗结束时两组总有效率分别为93.3%和80%（P>0.05）,浮针疗法组愈显率为66.7%明显高于常规针刺组的26.7%（P<0.01）;（4）治疗结束1月后随访,浮针疗法组愈显率和总有效率分别为36.7%和76.7%,均明显高于常规针刺组的13.3%和46.7%（P<0.05）。结论 浮针结合再灌注活动能有效缓解膝骨关节炎疼痛、功能障碍,疗效确切,优于常规针刺治疗。     

复方保健袋泡茶的研制

复方保健袋泡茶具有卫生和方便等特点,为欧美市场所欢迎。根据消费市场需要,选配不同的原料配方,采用新工艺开发的茶叶、松针、桑叶和茉莉花复方保健袋泡茶,香气持久,口感良好,具有保健效果。实验结果表明,配方css3的氨基酸和黄酮含量较高,含水量低;感官审评汤色和香气好,是最佳配方。