The impact of small-scale design interventions on the behaviour patterns of the users of an urban wasteland

Urban derelict space can form a valuable complementary element to the formal green spaces of a city: wastelands are often biologically diverse and their unregulated status can provoke innovative spatial activities by a wide range of users. Using the case of an urban brownfield in Tallinn, Estonia, this paper examines how such a space is used and evaluates the magnitude of the impact of minor design interventions – so-called urban acupuncture – on the activities carried out by the users. The study used field observations and behaviour mapping to compare the spatial pattern of the users before and after small design interventions. Although there was widespread use beforehand there was both an increase in use and a different pattern afterwards, which was clearly detectable from the composite behaviour maps of both arrangements, where users follow the properties of the particular environment. The small improvements tested showed the largest effect on the female and the older user groups, raising the number of overall visits and increasing the occurrence of active behaviour almost five times. The research demonstrates that small, inexpensive and possibly temporary interventions can have a major positive effect.     

不同土层中氮磷钾养分对红松针叶磷素的影响

本文以红松1~2年生叶片和其林下生长的土壤为对象,研究红松叶片中磷含量、磷贮量及其林下土壤中0~20、20~40和40~60 cm土层的氮磷钾矿质养分含量。揭示叶片质量、磷素水平与各层土壤速效氮、速效钾和速效磷的相互关系。结果表明：叶片质量与土壤中速效养分含量无关,土壤中速效氮含量与针叶磷含量无关,0~20 cm土层的速效钾含量与2年生针叶磷含量显著相关。不同年生针叶的磷含量与各土层的速效磷含量都有显著的回归关系。针叶中磷贮量与土壤中速效养分无明显相关性。     

松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,试验选取1日龄广西麻鸡1 600只作为试验动物进行120 d的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为2组,每组2个重复。在饲养过程中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组全程在基础饲粮中添加松针提取物。结果表明,试验组显著提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性、提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P0.05);显著提高IgA、IgG、IgM、补体C3和补体C4的含量(P0.05);显著提高血清中钙、磷的含量,降低血清中胆固醇的含量(P0.05)。因此,松针提取物能够显著改善广西麻鸡的血液生化指标,提高广西麻鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。     

按摩配合针灸治疗运动员肱骨外上髁炎的疗效对比研究

目的：观察并比较按摩配合针灸与单纯按摩或针灸治疗肱骨外上髁炎的临床疗效。方法：选取90例 运动员患者随机分为3组,每组30人,治疗组采用按摩配合针灸疗法治疗,按摩组采用单纯按摩治疗,针 灸组采用单纯针灸治疗,各组治疗均为每日1次,10天为1疗程,1疗程结束后暂停治疗2天,2个疗程后观 察并比较3组之间的疗效及不良反应。结果：将结果经统计学分析后得出,治疗组有效率高于按摩组及针 灸组,按摩组与针灸组之间有效率无明显差异。结论：按摩配合针灸治疗肱骨外上髁炎疗效确切,优于单 纯按摩或针灸治疗,且无不良反应,适合应用于运动员治疗。     

针灸对脾虚犬体重及部分血清指标的影响

通过注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型,观察犬临床体征、体重及部分血清指标变化情况,并研究针灸对脾虚犬体重及血清指标的影响。结果显示,实验犬出现脾虚证后,其体重显著低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）,血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性与丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著增高（P〈0.05）;血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P〈0.05）。经针灸治疗后,实验组犬各项指标均得到明显改善,与阳性对照组比较呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）。试验结果表明,皮下注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型后,选用一定穴位进行针灸,对治疗犬脾虚证有明显疗效。     

森林公园植物景观改造提升思路

本文以广东省国有林场建立的森林公园植物景观为典型,对森林公园绿化景观中普遍存在的问题进行了归纳,提出了诸多改造思路。森林植物景观要通过合理的选择、配置、改造,才能为游客提供独具特色的森林景观,让人们尊享健康、收获视觉美感,让森林公园有良好的经济收益和社会效益。     

松树针叶束内源激素与单宁的变化

本文分析和比较了油松、白皮松、华山松和樟子松各种针叶束内源激素与单宁含量的变化。结果表明，ＡＢＡ与单宁含量在树种间、树龄间和针叶束叶龄间均存在明显差异，针叶束经低温砂藏处理，其内源激素与单宁水平呈规律性变化，在处理前期，和树种针叶束的ＬＡＡ、ＧＡｓ、Ｚ和ＺＲ水平明显提高，然后随砂藏时间的延长而趋于降低；而ＡＢＡ与单宁水平则呈相反的变化，在砂藏过程中内源激素与单宁的变化规律与前期实验中经砂藏处理的离体针叶束不定根的诱导率紧密相关。结果表明，低温砂藏处理在一定时期可以促使松树针叶束内源激素与单宁水平的协调性变化，这种变化对离体针叶束不定根的诱导具有明显的促进作用     

Equine chronic diarrhea: Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine review

Chronic diarrhea is a common problem in equine practice. Herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses for at least one thousand years. In present-day equine practice in China, the most common approach to treat chronic diarrhea is herbal medicine, or a combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture. Three types of chronic diarrhea in horses will be described in detail in term of symptoms, diagnosis and herbal treatments in this paper. Nineteen herbal formulas for treatment of different types of diarrhea will be introduced. Clinical results of each herbal formula will be evaluated. Acupuncture treatment of this problem will also be included.     

Predicting the severity of Dothistroma on Pinus radiata under current climate in New Zealand

Despite being a damaging foliar disease of Pinus species little research has characterised spatial variation in disease severity of Dothistroma needle blight at a macroscale. Using an extensive dataset describing Dothistroma needle blight severity (S_sev) on plantation grown Pinus radiata stands distributed widely across New Zealand the objectives of this research were to (i) develop a regression model describing S_sev, (ii) use this model to identify key drivers of S_sev, their functional form and relative importance, and (iii) develop spatial predictions of S_sev for New Zealand P. radiata under current climate. Using an independent validation dataset, the final model accounted for 72% of the variance in S_sev using four significant (P < 0.001) explanatory variables and an isotrophic exponential model to account for the spatial covariance in the data. S_sev was most sensitive to mean air temperature from November to April (T_Nov-Apr), followed by mean relative humidity from October to April (RH_Oct-Apr), mean total November rainfall (P_Nov), and then stand age (A). There was a quadratic correlation between A and S_sev with S_sev increasing to a maxima at 12 years before declining. S_sev exponentially increased to a threshold with increases in both P_Nov and RH_Oct-Apr. The relationship between S_sev and T_Nov-Apr was quadratic with S_sev increasing to a maximum at T_Nov-Apr of 15.5 °C before declining at higher values of T_Nov-Apr. Spatial predictions of S_sev varied widely throughout New Zealand. Values of S_sev were highest in moderately warm wet environments in the North Island, and on the west coast of the South Island. In contrast, relatively low values of S_sev were predicted in drier eastern and southern regions of New Zealand.