甘蔗蔗汁锤度和还原糖分傅立叶变换近红外定量分析数学模型

以傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术为基础，采用透射测定方式和PLS算法，建立蔗汁锤度和还原糖分定量分析数学模型．蔗汁锤度和还原糖分预测数学模型的决定系数(R^2)分别为0．9990和0．9953，均方根差分别为0．1150％和0．0722％，预测误差接近常规分析方法的误差．     

引入时相信息的耕地土壤有机质遥感反演模型

土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)是土壤质量评价的重要指标。监测SOM含量及其空间分布对土壤利用与保护、土壤有机碳库估算等具有重要意义。该文以松嫩平原典型区为研究区,采集4种主要土壤类型样本共147个,获取裸土期多时相MODIS地表反射率8 d合成产品,以单期、多期影像所构建光谱指数作为输入量,构建包含含水量变化与有机质含量信息的多光谱指数,建立SOM线性回归遥感反演模型,揭示SOM空间分布规律。结果表明:由于土壤含水量空间差异随时间变化,基于单期影像构建的模型主要输入量发生规律性改变,其中年积日137 d裸土条件最好,反演模型最优;比值光谱指数R61与SOM显著相关,而和含水量相关性极小,适于作为反演模型输入量;基于多期影像构建的模型引入时相信息后,精度与稳定性较单期影像模型显著提高,其中基于年积日137、105 d两期影像光谱指数所建立的多元线性模型最优;松嫩平原SOM呈现由东北向西南递减趋势。     

基于气动柔性驱动器的侧摆关节特性

基于气动柔性驱动器（FPA）提出了一种新型的气动侧摆关节,该关节用于农业机器人多指灵巧手设计。侧摆关节主要由两个FPA组成,向两个FPA内腔中通入不同压力的压缩气体,可以实现左右两个方向的侧摆运动。对单个FPA的自由端进行力平衡分析,建立了侧摆关节静态模型,并对模型进行简化。完成了侧摆关节静态特性试验,试验结果与仿真曲线基本吻合,验证了静态模型的正确性,但存在一定误差（最大静态误差为0.035 rad）,分析了误差原因;对侧摆关节进行了动态特性试验,试验结果表明对于不同的期望值角度阶跃信号,侧摆关节开环阶跃响应时间大约是2 s（稳态值的公差带?=5%）。该侧摆关节可以明显改善农业机器人灵巧手的工作空间,进一步提高农业机器人灵巧手的适应性和灵活性。     

仿蛛网农田无线传感器网络抗毁性量化指标体系构建

为解决传统抗毁性量化指标无法准确描述网络组件失效的耦合关系和全局作用,难以有效归纳、继承蛛网抗毁性机制与规律的问题,该文提出了一套基于节点平均路径数和节点、链路平均使用次数的人工蛛网模型抗毁性量化指标体系,评测失效网络组件的全网影响度和权重等指标。仿真试验表明该指标体系可有效量化评价不同规模的人工蛛网模型的抗毁性,测评各网络组件的抗毁性权重占比,其中,节点、弦链、辐链分别占50%、39.44%、10.56%,同时与传统抗毁性量化指标相比,该文提出的指标具有独特的优势。田间试验结果表明节点遭受不同程度损坏时,仿蛛网部署仍可通过备用链路进行数据传输,相较非交叠分簇部署、栅格部署具有更优的抗毁性。人工蛛网模型抗毁性量化分析可为优化农田无线传感器网络部署,实现规模化可靠应用提供参考。     

Color vision, spectral sensitivity, accommodation, and visual acuity in juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou

ABSTRACT:   Color vision, spectral sensitivity, accommodation, and visual acuity were examined in juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou to obtain fundamental information about the visual system. Two types of S-potentials were recorded from 415 horizontal cells in isolated retinas from 34 cultured freshwater masu salmon (114–219 mm standard length, SL). Although horizontal cells recording S-potentials were not identified, the horizontal cells were confirmed because their responses were maintained while the stimulus remained. The variety of chromaticity (C)-type S-potentials indicated well-developed color vision. The analysis of the luminosity (L)-type S-potentials indicated that the peak spectral sensitivity was at 522 nm. S-potentials were also recorded in response to ultraviolet light. The direction and extent of lens movement induced by electrical stimulation was measured in 12 cultured masu salmon (99.0–142.5 mm SL). The results indicated that the visual axis was upward and forward, and that the range of accommodation was from 0.79 × SL in front of the eye to infinity. In histological analysis of the retinas of five wild smolts (100–118 mm SL), the maximum cone densities (276–345 cones/0.01 mm²) were detected in the ventral to temporal regions. The visual acuities assessed by histological methods were 0.069–0.075.     

沼气生态农业模式综合评价

为了对沼气生态农业模式结构、功能和效益进行综合定量评价,该研究结合沼气生态农业模式自身的结构和功能特点,以生态农业模式评价指标体系为基础,选择了17个指标构建了沼气生态农业模式综合评价指标体系,应用层次均权法确定了沼气生态农业模式综合评价各指标的权重,在此基础上,运用综合指数法构建了沼气生态农业模式综合评价模型。并以宝鸡市2个典型沼气生态农业模式（陇县“沼气池—厕所—畜舍—菜（果、粮）”庭院生态农业模式和千阳县“桑—蚕—双孢蘑菇—畜舍—沼气池”生态农业模式）的研究数据对模型进行了验证,评价结果与实际情况吻合,表明该研究所提出的评价指标体系和模型具有适用性。     

应用RS技术建立估算蒸散发模型的研究

蒸散发是水资源分配利用的依据,能够估算出不同气候环境、不同区域的蒸散发是目前研究的重点。这些年运用遥感手段建立模型,结合地面气象站的气象数据、卫星影像等信息,提取参数建立模型来估算蒸散发的方法已经有了较为广泛的运用。其中,利用能量平衡来建立模型尤为广泛,不同的模型,选取参数、处理方法上有所不同,着重针对SEBAL、SEBS估算模型进行详细的对比介绍,SEBAL模型是具有较为坚实的物理基础,已经在平原、盆地、流域等区域进行了成功的应用,SEBS模型与SEBAL模型在模型建立原理上一致,但在计算感热通量H时,采用总体大气的相似理论,引入了热传输粗糙度长度。对这两模型进行了系统学习分析,并针对在新疆未来可开展的工作进行展望。     

温室多层覆盖传热的数值模拟与验证

为准确地掌握温室中不同材料和不同使用条件下多层覆盖的传热和保温特性,该文在前人研究的基础上建立了温室多层覆盖传热的理论模型,并开发了模拟其传热过程与计算传热量和传热系数的计算机程序,可根据覆盖材料的红外辐射特性、覆盖层构造参数以及工作环境等条件,定量分析覆盖层的传热情况,得出传热量以及传热系数的理论计算值。实测结果表明,传热量以及传热系数的理论计算值与试验测定值较为一致,表明该多层覆盖传热的理论模型具有较高的准确性。     

Application of marker‐assisted backcross to introgress Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15 into an elite indica rice variety for improving its resistance to brown planthopper

To improve brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) resistance of an elite indica cultivar of South China, Hemeizhan (HMZ), we applied marker‐assisted backcross (MABC) to incorporate three BPH‐resistance genes (Bph3, Bph14 and Bph15) into the genetic background of HMZ. In the third backcross (BC₃) generation, we obtained near‐isogenic lines (Bph3‐NIL, Bph14‐NIL, Bph15‐NIL and Bph14 + Bph15‐NIL) with more than 96% recovery of recurrent parent genome, and pyramided lines (Bph3 + Bph14‐PYL, Bph3 + Bph15‐PYL and Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL) with more than 89% recovery of recurrent parent genome. These lines showed stronger resistance against BPH than HMZ at seedling and booting stages. The rank of resistance gene effect was Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 +Bph14 ≥ Bph14 + Bph15 ≥ Bph3 ≥ Bph15 ≥ Bph14 > none. Compared with HMZ, only Bph3 + Bph14 + Bph15‐PYL had a significant difference in yield per plant, and the lines carrying Bph3 had higher amylose contents, indicating that Bph3 was tightly linked to Wx^a allele. These improved lines are good intermediate sources of broad‐spectrum and durable BPH resistance to improve other indica cultivars. Our results demonstrate that MABC is a very efficient approach to improve BPH resistance of elite rice cultivar.     

三维荧光二阶校正测定细胞培养基样中山姜素

建立了细胞培养基样中山姜素的定量测定方法．将三维激发发射荧光分别与化学计量学中基于平行因子分析(PARAFAC)算法和自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)算法的二阶校正方法相结合,当选取待分析体系组分数为2时,得到细胞培养基样中山姜素的平均回收率分别为(100.3±2.2) %,(100.1±2.2) %．两种算法所得检出限各为0.182 3 μg·mL-1,0.178 1 μg·mL-1．椭圆置信区间(EJCR)测试证明两种算法所得结果准确可靠．