论安徽省天然次生林经营管理技术

封山育林形成了安徽省的天然次生林,主要有常绿针叶林、针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林、落叶常绿阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林5种主要类型。天然次生林经营管理目标以"分类经营"、"近自然林业"和"多种效益"为理论,实现以保护为主,适度开发利用的可持续发展;经营管理原则是分类经营、合理地进行人为干扰、生物多样性保护;通过野外调查,对经营目标、原则进行综合分析、统筹决策,制定出合理的经营方案再根据次生林的类型和经营目标的不同,采取不同的经营管理技术。     

河北省农业自然灾害发生的特点、成因及对策研究

根据河北省近十几年的统计数据和相关专业部门的调查数据,分析出河北省农业自然灾害发生的特点。其成因是农业生态失衡,投入不足造成基础设施薄弱,防灾、抗灾服务体系不健全,农业保险业务空白。提出抗御农业自然灾害的对策是:加强农业自然灾害的学科研究建设,加强农业基础设施建设,树立新的节水理念,充分利用好自然降水,加强抗灾服务体系,完善灾害防御体系,加快发展农业保险事业。     

论"天人合一"与林业可持续发展

在全球环境生态危机不断威胁人类生存的今天 ,人们在重新审视历史时发现 ,中国传统文化对人与自然的认识含有丰富的辩证哲理。与西方追求利益最大化的林业管理理念不同 ,中国古代的林业经营管理思想 ,是以“天人合一”思想为指导 ,实现经济、社会和环境的和谐可持续发展的“生生之道”。随着现代化建设与社会的进步 ,我国面临日益严峻的人口、资源、环境、粮食、能源等诸多问题 ,愈来愈倚赖于林业的可持续发展。可持续发展已成为维系人类生存的途径 ,对古代这一宝贵思想进行回顾与分析 ,可为当代林业的可持续发展提供有力的借鉴。     

壶瓶山国家级自然保护区初步评价

文章对保护区进行了初步评价,介绍了保护区的资源状况,选取自然性、多样性、稀有性、脆弱性、典型性、面积适宜性、科研价值等指标评价了保护区自然生态质量,阐述了保护区的生态、社会、经济效益,讨论了保护区的管理现状以及存在问题,提出了加快壶瓶山保护区建设的重要意义。     

西藏野生百合属植物资源及其开发利用

重点介绍了西藏高原野生百合属的植物种类、分布、储量及其鉴别,百合属植物利用的现状和今后开 发的初步设想。     

广东自然保护区生态旅游SWOT分析及对策研究

在对广东省自然保护区生态旅游资源实地调查的基础上，运用SWOT分析法全面探讨了广东省自然保护区生态旅游的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战，提出了相应的旅游发展策略。     

古典园林的音乐审美探析

中国古典园林是集建筑、园艺、书画、文学、音乐与一体的综合艺术形式,通过对音乐审美的本质,园林审美与音乐审美的关系,音乐在古典园林中的作用,古典园林中音乐审美的实践等分析,阐明了音乐在园林中不可或缺的重要地位.     

Biodiversity management approaches for stream–riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests,microclimates, and amphibians

Stream–riparian areas represent a nexus of biodiversity, with disproportionate numbers of species tied to and interacting within this key habitat. New research in Pacific Northwest headwater forests, especially the characterization of microclimates and amphibian distributions, is expanding our perspective of riparian zones, and suggests the need for alternative designs to manage stream–riparian zones and their adjacent uplands. High biodiversity in riparian areas can be attributed to cool moist conditions, high productivity and complex habitat. All 47 northwestern amphibian species have stream–riparian associations, with a third being obligate forms to general stream–riparian areas, and a quarter with life histories reliant on headwater landscapes in particular. Recent recognition that stream-breeding amphibians can disperse hundreds of meters into uplands implies that connectivity among neighboring drainages may be important to their population structures and dynamics. Microclimate studies substantiate a “stream effect” of cool moist conditions permeating upslope into warmer, drier forests. We review forest management approaches relative to headwater riparian areas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and we propose scenarios designed to retain all habitats used by amphibians with complex life histories. These include a mix of riparian and upslope management approaches to address the breeding, foraging, overwintering, and dispersal functions of these animals. We speculate that the stream microclimate effect can partly counterbalance edge effects imposed by upslope forest disturbances, hence appropriately sized and managed riparian buffers can protect suitable microclimates at streams and within riparian forests. We propose one approach that focuses habitat conservation in headwater areas – where present management allows extensive logging – on sensitive target species, such as tailed frogs and torrent salamanders that often occur patchily. Assuming both high patchiness and some concordance among the distribution of sensitive species, protecting areas with higher abundances of these animals could justify less protection of currently unoccupied or low-density habitats, where more intensive forest management for timber production could occur. Also, we outline an approach that protects juxtaposed headwater patches, retaining connectivity among sub-drainages using a 6th-field watershed spatial scale for assuring well-distributed protected areas across forested landscapes. However, research is needed to test this approach and to determine whether it is sufficient to buffer downstream water quality and habitat from impacts of headwater management. Offering too-sparse protection everywhere is likely insufficient to conserve headwater habitats and biodiversity, while our alternative targeted protection of selected headwaters does not bind the entire forest landscape into a biodiversity reserve.     

薤山自然保护区鸟类资源调查

通过野外观察、收集历史资料、座谈访问等方法,初步确定薤山自然保护区鸟类125种,隶属于11目,33科;薤山鸟类地理型:留鸟64种,夏候鸟32种,冬候鸟17种,旅鸟种12;薤山鸟类季节型:古北种45种,东洋种55种,广布种25种;观赏鸟类34种,食虫鸟类65种,食鼠鸟类23种;国际贸易公约的鸟类31种,被列入该公约附录Ⅰ的有1种,被列入该公约附录Ⅱ的有28种,被列入该公约附录Ⅲ的有2种;国家Ⅰ级野生保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级野生保护鸟类34。     

Floristic attributes of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) growing areas in the Western Ghats of peninsular India

A field study was conducted in the Western Ghats of peninsular India to test the following two hypotheses: (1) lower floristic diversity for the cardamom hill reserves (CHR —a traditional agroforestry system of the tropics) compared to undisturbed evergreen forests and (2) a truncated vegetation structure for shade trees in the cardamom areas. The experimental sites involved three CHRs and an evergreen forest site.The CHRs, regardless of their locations, were characterized by lower floristic diversity and density than the evergreen forest site. The undisturbed forest site at Ayyappancoil registered the highest floristic richness and diversity (Simpson's floristic diversity index, D=0.93), followed by the well-managed CHR site, suggesting that managerial interventions may have a strong bearing on the floristic diversity of CHRs. The current suite of species in the CHRs included both heliophilic as well as shade-tolerant components. However, dominant tree species, their density and relative abundance exhibited marked variations among the CHR sites, albeit about one-third of the species were common at all sites.Stand physiognomy was characterized by the dominance of a single layer of trees in the CHRs, while the wet evergreen forest exhibited a multilayered canopy structure. Some of the lower height classes were poorly represented in the cardamom areas, whereas the evergreen forests depicted an inverse J shaped height distribution pattern. Implicit in the truncated stand structure of the CHR is the poor regeneration status, due to systematic removal of the lower size classes.