N.P红食用天然色素的主要成分鉴定及毒理学评价

从速生树种杨树花中提取的食用天然色素。采用薄层、紫外分光光度法等对该色素的主要成分进行研究。采用急性毒性试验,Ames以及蓄积试验对该色素进行毒理学评价,结果表明,该提取色素主要成分为矢车菊花青素,使用该天然色素具有成本低、可利用价值高,安全、无毒等特点,是食用天然色素中又一优良新产品。     

美国白蛾新天敌—蠋敌捕食能力的初步观察

首次报道美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)的一种捕食性天敌——蠋敌Arma chinensis(Fallou),简述了蠋敌的生物学特性。在商河县,蠋敌在美国白蛾幼虫网幕枝中的分布率为2.33%～17.86%;记述了蠋敌的捕食习性和规律,经室内饲养,统计出各龄若虫和成虫的捕食量,从若虫到成虫,最大捕食量为2头3龄、7头4龄、5头5龄、23头6龄共37头白蛾幼虫;最小取食量为4头2龄、8头3龄、1头4龄、1头5龄、2头6龄共16头白蛾幼虫;分析并指出蠋敌对美国白蛾具有较强的控制能力,是自然界中影响美国白蛾种群密度的重要因子。     

东北草原植物残体腐解动态研究(简报)

东北草原植物残体腐解试验表明，植物残体腐解动态变化规律一致，前期腐解快、以后变慢。羊草的碳素残留率比草木樨的高，对于植物的不同器官残体，根的碳素残留率最高，茎次之，叶最低，试验结果还表明，植物残体不同埋深对碳素残留率也有影响，埋深7cm，植物残体的碳素残留率最低，埋深15cm稍高，覆盖在土壤表面的最高。这说明植物中的羊草、植物残体听 根和茎以及土壤深层的残体都有利于土壤有机质的积累，而草木樨、植物残体中的叶以及浅层植物残体都有助于养分向土壤释放，羊草和草木樨残体混合物的碳素残留率介于草木樨和羊草之间，说明羊草混种草木樨的共存对羊草残体的分解有利。     

基于自然保护地体系的森林公园规划范围调整思考——以安吉竹乡国家森林公园为例

随着国家自然保护地体系的建立,安吉竹乡国家森林公园也正面临新的机遇与挑战。原规划范围与自然保护区、风景名胜区以及生态红线存在交叉与重叠,亟需进行优化整合。文章从优化整合空间、确定发展定位、明确保护重点、提升资源价值4个方面论述了竹乡国家森林公园的规划策略,分析了调整森林公园经营范围的意义和必要性。文章认为,调整后的竹乡国家森林公园经营范围符合安吉经济社会发展需要,有利于森林公园的经营管理,有利于安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区保护,同时能够带动新增地区的生态旅游发展,新规划是可行的。     

昆虫病原真菌在害虫防治中对天敌生物的影响研究进展

昆虫病原真菌是一类重要的微生物杀虫剂,广泛应用于农林害虫的生物防治。由于寄主范围广和主动侵染的特点,昆虫病原真菌在侵染、致死靶标害虫的同时,对包括天敌昆虫在内的非靶标节肢动物等会产生潜在的致病或亚致死风险。本文总结了昆虫病原真菌在害虫防治中的研究进展及对天敌生物的影响,并展望了昆虫病原真菌作为极具潜力的生物农药与天敌生物联合防治害虫的未来发展方向。     

不同自然通风方式对日光温室性能的影响

为探究不同自然通风方式下日光温室室内环境因子的变化规律,提高日光温室自然通风效率,设计2种不同自然通风方式:后坡整体开窗式和后坡间隔开窗式。将分别采用后坡整体开窗式和后坡间隔开窗式通风方式的温室,依次记为G1、G2,并以传统顶通风式日光温室(G3)为对照,对上述3座采用不同自然通风方式的温室内部环境和作物生长状况进行了研究。结果表明:晴天白天,G1、G2的室内光照强度分别比G3提高了26.34%和10.16%,G1、G2、G3平均气温分别为33.7、33.8、34.8℃,平均相对湿度分别为47.15%、47.21%、44.03%,风速折减率分别为0.80、0.74、0.90;晴天13:00,G1、G2的植物冠层气温分布呈现南高北低,而G3的呈南低北高分布。G1、G2内的番茄产量分别比G3提高了19.54%、6.90%。综上,后坡整体开窗式表现最优。     

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。     

Dominant sources of dietary carbon and nitrogen for shrimp reared in extensive rice-shrimp ponds

Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the sources of dietary nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) for shrimp during the rearing phase in extensive rice‐shrimp ponds in My Xuyen and Gia Rai districts, Vietnam. Farm‐made feed was added as a food source in shrimp ponds in My Xuyen district, and based on stable isotope analyses, was generally a poor dietary source. The commercial formulated feed used in Gia Rai also appeared to contribute little directly to the nutritional needs of the shrimp. In contrast, the natural biota in all ponds appeared to contribute substantially. In particular, biota from beam trawls and benthic organic matter were the most likely sources of nutrition in My Xuyen ponds, while benthic organic matter was the main source in Gia Rai ponds. δ¹⁵N ratios in the natural biota in My Xuyen farms decreased over the growing season, suggesting increased N fixation in the case of the benthic organic matter reaching values as low as 1‰. This suggests N‐limitation in the ponds and that natural biota become increasingly dependent on N fixed by algae and/or other microorganisms. There is the potential to promote the growth of the plankton and hence, the other natural biota, by the judicious addition of fertilizer.     

Discrimination of wild and hatchery trout by natural chronological patterns of elements and isotopes in otoliths using LA‐ICP‐MS

Abstract The potential to discriminate between wild and hatchery trout [Salmo trutta f. fario L. and Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)] by chronological microchemical patterns of different otolith regions was tested. Central and rim regions of otoliths were analysed for life stage specific elemental patterns of strontium (Sr), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) as well as of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Classification to life stage specific habitats was achieved with 100% accuracy by ⁸⁸Sr/⁴³Ca, ²³Na/⁴³Ca and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios resulting in a discrimination of hatchery fish from wild fish. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and Sr concentration in otoliths were positively correlated with the ratio and amount in the water. Na content in otoliths did not directly reflect the concentration in the water, although the ²³Na/⁴³Ca ratio in otoliths contributed to the discrimination. Clear differences in otolith chemistry were found for fish experiencing different geological units or a groundwater‐fed environment in a hatchery. Natural chronological microchemical patterns in otoliths proved to be a valuable tool for discriminating wild and hatchery fish without the necessity to use marking methods. LA‐ICP‐MS is well suited for this application because of its limited need for sample preparation, its potentially high sample throughput and the possibility of simultaneous measurement of multiple elemental and isotopic fingerprints.     

自然冷资源低温储藏仓设计与稻谷储藏试验

为解决稻谷在高温干燥和储藏过程中品质损失问题,设计了自然冷资源低温储藏仓,利用冬季环境下形成的自然冰为高含水率稻谷制冷,以减少高温干燥稻谷工序并减少储藏期间稻谷的品质劣变。试验检测自然冷资源低温储藏仓内稻谷的储藏品质与加工品的变化,并与传统常温仓做对比,结果表明:所设计的自然冷资源低温储藏仓供冷均匀、能耗低、无污染,其制冷系统的能效比为3.54;初始含水率为16.5%的高含水率稻谷在自然冷资源低温储藏仓中能安全储藏5个月,平均含水率呈缓慢下降趋势,最终达到(15.1±0.5)%;自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷粮温稳定,平均粮温为9.8℃;储藏期结束后,稻谷脂肪酸质量比为18.3 mg/(100 g),发芽率为86.75%,霉菌总数为5.1×104CFU/g,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的出糙率和整精米率比常温储藏的稻谷分别提高了5.41个百分点和9.57个百分点,裂纹率比常温仓的稻谷降低了13.88个百分点,自然冷资源低温储藏仓中稻谷的储藏品质和加工品质显著优于常温仓中稻谷。