IBDV野毒株主要结构蛋白基因RT─PCR方法的建立

借助计算机软件，在分析比较了９个传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）Ａ片段结构蛋白基因的基础上，设计并合成了２对ＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因ＰＣＲ引物，经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ反应条件优化选择，成功地建立了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法，用于扩增ＩＢＤＶＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和分子杂交鉴定，获得４个ＩＢＤＶ野毒株ＶＰ２和ＶＰ３基因，为ＩＢＤＶ分子生物学研究奠定了基础     

用柞蚕卵自然诱集平腹小蜂的初步研究

用柞蚕卵进行田间挂卵自然诱集平腹小蜂的试验结果表明 :10月上旬诱集的数量最多 ,11月中旬后则诱集不到平腹小蜂 ;几种植物中 ,以芦苇上的卵卡诱集的蜂量最多 ,平腹小蜂的寄生率也最高 ;纸张作卵卡 ,以白色的效果最好 ;一般田间挂卵 10 d为宜 ;卵块的卵粒数以 14- 2 8粒较佳 ;平腹小蜂在白天活动 ,寻找寄主寄生 ,夜晚不活动 ,也不寄生 ;田间挂卵后 2 2 d,平腹小蜂即可羽化 ,羽化 4 d后达到高峰 ,同一批卵块平腹小蜂羽化时间可持续 1个月以上     

蜜蜂人工饲料对蜂王浆产量及品质的影响

蜂王浆的产量及品质受蜂种、蜜粉源、气候、泌浆蜂日龄以及取浆时间等因素的影响。在外界缺乏蜜粉源的情况下生产蜂王浆,蜂王浆的产量及品质还受饲料种类和饲料品质的影响。从蜜蜂天然饲料和人工饲料两方面评述了饲料对蜂王浆产量及品质的影响。     

Physiologic and biochemical measurements and response to noxious stimulation at various concentrations of MS‐222 in Koi (Cyprinus carpio)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the physiological effect and response to noxious stimulation at five concentrations of MS-222 in koi (Cyprinus carpio).Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsTwenty-one healthy adult unknown sex koi fish weighing mean 450 ± SD 120 g.MethodsEach fish was exposed to five different concentrations of MS-222 (50, 70, 110, 150 and 190 mg L^?1) in a random sequence during the same anaesthetic event. For each concentration of MS-222, vital functions such as heart rate (HR) (via Doppler) and opercular rate (OpR) were recorded after a standardized induction period. Response to two noxious stimuli in the form of haemostat clamp pressure applied on the tail and the lip was evaluated, and blood was drawn to measure biochemical and blood gas values.ResultsDecrease in response to noxious stimulation with an increase of MS-222 concentration both for the lip (p = 0.0027) and the tail (p < 0.0001) stimulus was observed. Biochemical values were unaffected by the concentration of MS-222 with the exception of lactate concentration which was weakly correlated with the duration of anaesthesia (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and the number of times the fish was clamped or bled prior to sampling (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). Opercular rate decreased with the increase in anaesthetic concentration, and HR was not affected.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur results indicated a decrease in response to stimulus and a decrease in OpR that were associated with increased concentrations of MS-222. This may assist in establishing anaesthetic protocols using MS-222 in fish and supports the use of supramaximal pressure stimuli to teleost fish under variable MS-222 concentrations as a model for future studies.     

气相色谱法检测牛奶中脂肪酸组分方法的改进

[目的]为了找到并建立一套简单而高效的方法用来测定牛奶中脂肪酸的组分和含量。[方法]应用气相色谱(GC-FID)方法,采用Agilent HP-88专用脂肪酸甲酯毛细管柱和程序升温方法来分离牛奶中的脂肪酸组分,用保留时间定性和峰面积百分比法进行定量。[结果]表明:牛奶中的脂肪酸得到了很好的分离,该检测方法的回收率为99.588%,精密度为2.600,具有较高的准确性和重复度。[结论]本实验方法可以作为牛奶中脂肪酸检测的技术加以推广和应用。     

草坪草种子活力的低温保存试验

用－３０℃、－１０℃、５℃和室内２０～２８℃（对照）对草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、高羊茅、剪股颖四种草坪草种子保存２００ｄ后分析得出,各草坪草种子要求冷藏温度不一样,恰当的低温保存可以保持原种子活力。草地早熟禾和剪股颖种子在－３０℃～－１０℃保存为好,紫羊茅以－３０℃为佳,而高羊茅在２００ｄ内无需冷藏。     

EMPHYSEMATOUS PYOMETRA IN A DOG

An 8-year-old intact female West Highland White Terrier was examined for anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension, and mild purulent vulvar discharge. The results of physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiography are presented. Emphysematous pyometra was suspected and confirmed at surgery. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the uterine lumen. A brief discussion of emphysematous pyometra is presented.     

The use of lingual venous blood to determine the acid‐base and blood‐gas status of dogs under anesthesia

ObjectiveTo assess the suitability of lingual venous blood (LBG) as an alternative to arterial blood (ABG) samples in determining acid–base balance and blood–gas status in dogs anesthetized for elective procedures and with medetomidine and isoflurane administration under experimental conditions.Study designProspective, randomized clinical and experimental study.AnimalsClinical population of 18 ASA I/II dogs for elective surgery and five healthy Beagles (3 females and 2 males) for the experimental study.MethodsBlood sampling was simultaneously performed at dorsal pedal arterial and lingual venous sites, generating paired data. Two paired samples were collected from each dog in the clinical part and four from each dog in the experimental part (two during isoflurane anesthesia and two during isoflurane plus medetomidine). A modified Bland and Altman method was used to examine data from the clinical part and the experimental data were subjected to a paired sign's test following transformation where appropriate.ResultsThe pH of LBG overestimated ABG, with limits of agreement of (?0.01, 0.02). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) of LBG overestimated ABG by 0.6 mmHg [0.1 kPa], with limits of agreement of (?3.5, 4.6) mmHg [?0.5, 0.6 kPa]. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) of LBG underestimated ABG by 86.3 mmHg [?11.5 kPa], with limits of agreement of (?199.8, 27.3) mmHg [?26.6, 3.6 kPa]. During medetomidine administration values for PO₂ (p = 0.03) and lactate (p = 0.03) were lower for LBG when compared with ABG. The LBG value of PO₂ was lower (p = 0.03) during medetomidine and isoflurane administration versus isoflurane alone.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe pH and PCO₂ of LBG samples provide clinically acceptable substitutes of ABG samples in the dog population studied. The wider limits of agreement for PO₂ render it less reliable as a substitute for ABG. The difference in PO₂ identified between LBG and ABG during medetomidine administration may not preclude the use of LBG as substitutes for ABG samples.     

青藏高原放牧高寒草甸主要温室气体通量及其主控因素研究

在青藏高原高寒草地不同放牧强度区设4个试验样地,分别为原生草甸(NM)、轻度退化草甸(LM)、中度退化草甸(MM)和重度退化草甸(HM),监测草地温室气体通量。结果表明:不同放牧强度对草地温室气体通量影响显著,放牧活动对高寒草甸的影响首先表现在植被上,而土壤环境的变化比较迟滞。通过逐步回归分析和因子拆分得知,草甸甲烷通量影响较大的环境因素为土壤紧实度和有机质,分别能解释44.6%和28.4%的总变异,CO2通量影响较大的环境因素为紧实度和生物量,分别能解释36.1%和32.8%的总变异,氧化亚氮通量影响较大的环境要素为紧实度和有机质,分别能解释50.1%和22.9%的总变异,家畜的践踏作用使退化草地紧实度增加,进而引起温室气体通量的改变,高寒草甸退化演替发展到重度退化阶段时释放大量温室气体。     

不同碘添加水平对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加碘酸钙对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响。以碘酸钙作为添加形式,以牦牛饲粮为底物进行体外瘤胃发酵,底物碘含量分别为0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、0.9 mg/kg,发酵48h,测定发酵后的产气量、瘤胃发酵指标及消化酶活力。结果表明:当底物碘含量为0.3mg/kg,NH_3-N浓度、微生物蛋白质(MCP)含量、脂肪酶(LPS)活力、胰蛋白酶(TYS)活力、纤维素酶(CLS)活力达到最大值,分别为14.267 mg/100mL、4.619g/L、0.462U/mL、65.463U/mL、69.527U/mL,碘含量为0.3mg/kg时,乙酸(aceticacid)、丙酸(propionicacid)、总酸(TVFA)浓度达到最高值,分别为:56.142mmol/L、30.877mmol/L、87.460mmol/L,各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),乙酸与丙酸的比例达到最小值1.819,显著低于其它所有组乙酸与丙酸的比例(P<0.05);在底物碘含量为0.5mg/kg时,淀粉酶(AMS)活力与纤维素酶(CLS)活力达到最大值分别为1.832U/mL、69.527U/mL;在底物碘含量为0.7mg/kg时,总产气量与甲烷产量达到最大值分别为80.8mL、11.88mL。综合以上结果,在体外条件下,在底物碘含量为0.3～0.7mg/kg时,有利于瘤胃发酵和饲草料降解。