内蒙古大兴安岭林区发展草地畜牧业潜力分析与对策

内蒙古大兴安岭林区草地资源较为丰富，发展林区草地畜牧业的潜力较大，但该地区草地资源和利用不均衡，有的草地严重超载，造成草场退化；而有此可利用草地尚未被充分利用，本文着重对充分利用的区域和自然条件优势及丰富的草地资源，发展林区畜牧业，建立绿色畜产品基地的潜力和对策，进行了切实可行的分析。     

川西干旱河谷林草植被建设科学考察报告

阐述了川西干旱河谷现有治理状况 ,存在问题 ,提出了治理该区的措施和发展农业经济的建议。     

蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量的研究

采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定玉米中的可利用糖含量以确定试验测定的最佳条件,并以此条件为对照测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量.玉米及天然鸽乳可利用糖溶液经乙醚去脂,高峰氏糖化酶水解,乙醇提取,饱和乙酸铅脱色后制得.结果表明,葡萄糖标准溶液的测定量在0.1～0.6 mg/mL的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=1.6771x 0.0737,相关系数R=0.9987.测定不同的天然鸽乳样品,试验精密度高,重复性好,其可利用糖含量,0～3日龄天然鸽乳为7.45%～7.64%,4～6日龄天然鸽乳为32.08～60.28 %.     

蛋鸡中发现J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症自然混合感染

发病蛋鸡经组织学、免疫组化检测确诊为J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症混合感染。与人工接种病例不同的是，在肿瘤组织内还发现一种特殊的细胞——淋巴-巨噬细胞；在骨髓和肿瘤组织中检测到部分髓细胞胞浆内有ALV—J抗原表达。从发病情况、各器官病变程度及免疫组化结果来看，2种病原存在明显的相互协同作用，脾可能是网状内皮增生症的原发器官。但其发病的时间可能不如J亚群白血病早。此次在蛋种鸡发现此混合感染提示，病毒在环境选择压及免疫选择压的作用下，其生物特性、致病作用以及宿主范围均可发生改变。应警惕J亚群白血病和网状内皮增生症混合感染在蛋鸡中的大面积暴发。     

Native and exotic seed dispersal by the stone marten (Martes foina): implications for the regeneration of a relict climactic forest in central Portugal

The stone marten (Martes foina) is a carnivorous mammal that often consumes fleshy fruits, thus potentially promoting seed dispersion. The present study was developed in Bussaco National Forest, central Portugal, and aimed to assess the potential role of the stone marten in dispersing native and exotic plants in different forest landscape types. Seeds from stone marten scats and fleshy fruits were collected monthly and were thereafter identified and sowed in a nursery, following a randomized experimental setup. Plant emergence was monitored fortnightly. Generalized linear models were used to test for differences in time and success of emergence between seeds from scats and fruits of 3 native species (Rubus ulmifolius, Arbutus unedo and Celtis australis) and 1 exotic plant species with invasive behavior (Prunus laurocerasus). Fruit consumption by the stone martens significantly increased and accelerated the germination of the native R. ulmifolius but had no effect on the other 2 native species or on the invasive species. This suggested that stone martens contribute to gene flow and forest regeneration by dispersing native plant seeds. However, although the germination was not enhanced in the invasive species, the preference of stone martens for these fruits may potentially contribute to the proliferation of P. laurocerasus. Our study represents a contribution to better understanding the fauna and flora interactions, enabling for a more conscious and effective decision‐making in forest management.     

Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen‐day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.     

景电灌区农田防护林衰败及优化模式

景电灌区农田防护林网是景电灌区防护林体系的重要组成部分,通过调查景电灌区农田防护林衰败现状,分析退化原因,提出优化改造模式,为景电灌区农田防护林更新改造从而发挥可持续效益提供技术支撑。结果表明,1)以杨树为主要树种的景电灌区农田防护林网目前呈严重衰败状态,尤其在个人管护的区域,残缺断代现象严重,部分地方甚至基本消失;2)病虫危害,耗水、胁地严重而被砍伐,耕地次生盐渍化导致树木生长不良、枯死,树种单一、结构不合理,管理不到位等是造成农田防护林衰败的主要原因;3)三倍体毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、廊坊(P.langfanggensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)、刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、鸣山大枣(Jujube minshan)等树种为该地区农田防护林建设的适宜树种,可采用农田防护林杨树优势树种轮换、针叶常绿树种优化改造、生态经济型防护林网营造等模式对景电灌区农田防护林网进行更新改造。农田防护林网的改造,将对完善防护林体系,保障景泰绿洲的安全产生重要意义。     

Increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity of grazing Japanese Black heifers and cows in forestland in Japan

Blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has become a key bio‐marker for animal health. Forest‐grazing cattle are known to forage various native plants that have high TAC. This study evaluated differences of plasma TAC between forest‐grazing (FG) and pasture‐grazing cattle (PG). Experiment 1 monitored the plasma TAC levels of 32 Japanese Black cattle. The level in PG did not change throughout the grazing period. However, that in FG, which increased from summer, was significantly higher than that in PG through fall (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we used nine Japanese Black heifers and investigated their blood antioxidant parameters and the TAC in plants that the cattle consumed in late June and September. The plasma TAC levels in FG were significantly higher than those in PG in both periods (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in FG tended to be lower than that in PG (P = 0.098). Furthermore, the TAC levels in various species of shrubs and trees consumed by FG were higher than those in pasture grasses. Results of this study show that plasma TAC of grazing Japanese Black cattle in forestland increase from summer through fall.     

对北京市公益林市场化经营的思考

北京市的公益林作为传统意义上的公共物品，一直以来由全市各级政府投资建设，成本高，效率低，代价大。因此，提高公益林的经营效率和质量，对于北京市公益林的持续、健康发展至关重要。笔者就如何在北京市公益林的经营中引入市场机制进行思考，并力求构建一个较为合理的公益林市场化经营模式。     

褐藻岩藻聚糖生物活性的研究进展

褐色海藻富含对人体有益的功能性多糖——硫酸化多糖。多年来,从褐色海藻中分离出的硫酸多糖在药物、保健品、化妆品和功能性食物等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。岩藻聚糖作为褐藻多糖中的一员,其复杂的生物特性已被证明具有开发和进行工业化生产的价值,从而获得对人体有益的成分。由于海藻多糖具有上述特性,故作者主要对从褐色海藻中分离出的岩藻聚糖(又叫多糖硫酸酯)的抗凝血、抗血栓、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等生物活性方面及其在工业生产中应用等方面进行了综述。