藏东南高山松天然林土壤种子库及天然更新特征

高山松是藏东南针叶林的主要建群种之一,高山松林是雅鲁藏布江中下游、尼洋河、帕隆藏布等流域的重要水源涵养林.采用样地样方调查、野外定位监测、室内试验分析等方法对藏东南高山松天然林的高山松种子雨、土壤种子库、高山松种子萌发及天然更新特征进行了研究.结果表明,高山松种子雨强度平均为249.30±78.42粒/m2,其中饱满种子为168.09±56.36粒/m2、虫蛀种子为41.11±20.25粒/m2、空种子为40.10±21.04粒/m2,种子雨强度随时问表现出先增加后减少的单峰型趋势.整个落种过程和不同落种时间的种子空问分布格局均表现为聚集分布,在一定范围内随着与母树距离的增加,种子雨扩散强度减弱,表现为近似正态分布高山松土壤种子库高山松种子平均密度为231粒/m2,其中62.77％的种子分布在枯落物层中、37.23％的种子分布在土壤层中,种子雨到土壤种子库过程中有近8％的种子损失.野外实地播种观测发现,高山种子累积萌发率与萌发天数的关系符合Logistics力程v=91.404/(1+e6.619-0.4491).高山松幼苗和幼树的高度结构、基径结构和年龄结构均呈反”J”型,表明高山松天然更新良好,保护好现有的环境状况,种群将呈稳定增长型.研究结果为高山松资源的有效保护和可持续利用提供了科学依据,同时进一步丰富了西藏高原同家生态安全屏障评价内容.     

保护地空间分布特征与影响因素分析

保护地是我国自然遗产与文化遗产的重要载体。基于保护地类型的多样性和区域地理条件与历史脉络的差异性,借助ArcGIS、SPSS软件分析,以长江中下游地区6省1市为研究区域,以自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、水利风景区、湿地公园、文物保护单位、历史文化名城及历史文化名镇名村9类国家级保护地形式为研究对象,引入最邻近点指数、地理集中指数及Kernel核密度指数分析长江中下游保护地空间分布特征,并运用主成分分析法分析影响自然与人文保护地分布的主要因素。结果表明,保护地总体趋于集聚分布,但自然保护区、森林公园、地质公园和历史文化名城的最邻近点指数R＞1,趋于均匀分布,其他类型的保护地均呈集聚分布。省域保护地地理集中指数江苏最高,江西最低;各类型保护地地理集中指数相差不大,分布较为均衡。自然保护地分布形成环太湖都市圈、南京都市圈、武汉都市圈和长沙都市圈4个高密度地区;人文保护地高密度地区集中在浙江、安徽和江苏3省。自然保护地分布受资源禀赋影响最大,而人文保护地与城市发展状况关系紧密。     

云南沙参属植物资源及一新异名

云南分布的沙参属植物共有4种、2亚种,属于难得的蓝色景观植物。细籽沙参(Adenophora microsparmaY.Y.Qin)与云南沙参(Adenophora.khansiana(Hook.f.et Thoms)Coll.et Hemsl)为同一种植物,故将前者处理为后者的异名。     

基于天然气处理厂气质指标的集输管网调度优化

在建立符合实际工况的多气源组分平衡计算模型的基础上,以处理厂原料气气质指标为目标函数,建立优化模型并求解,得到在满足管网运行约束及各处理厂原料气气质指标前提下的管网运行参数.实例应用表明,建立的集输管网优化调度模型既可体现各气源点气质的差异性,又能满足各天然气处理厂对原料气气质的不同要求,计算结果能够准确地反映管网中的气质状况,从而确保净化装置的平稳运行.将该模型应用于实际管网,可为其生产运行调度提供重要的参考依据.     

3种青冈的空间分布格局研究

在福建宁德支提山国家森林公园、福建南平茫荡山自然保护区以及福建闽清黄槠林自然保护区,对突脉青冈、小叶青冈和福建青冈群落进行空间格局研究。聚集度指标表明,突脉青冈、小叶青冈和福建青冈群落空间分布型均为聚集分布,聚集原因为种群与环境共同作用引起。回归模型偏离度计算表明,兰星平的La-X指标对突脉青冈、小叶青冈和福建青冈群落的空间分布型拟合效果最好,其次是Iwao的X*-X回归模型,Taylor幂法则对3种群落的空间分布型拟合效果最差。     

Total Phenolic Levels,In Vitro Antioxidant Properties,and Fatty Acid Profile of Two Microalgae,Tetraselmis marina Strain IMA043 and Naviculoid Diatom Strain IMA053, Isolated from the North Adriatic Sea

This work studied the potential biotechnological applications of a naviculoid diatom (IMA053) and a green microalga (Tetraselmis marina IMA043) isolated from the North Adriatic Sea. Water, methanol, and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts were prepared from microalgae biomass and evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant properties. Biomass was profiled for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition. The DCM extracts had the highest levels of total phenolics, with values of 40.58 and 86.14 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW in IMA053 and IMA043, respectively). The DCM extracts had a higher radical scavenging activity (RSA) than the water and methanol ones, especially those from IMA043, with RSAs of 99.65% toward 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) at 10 mg/mL, and of 103.43% against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at 5 mg/mL. The DCM extract of IMA053 displayed relevant copper chelating properties (67.48% at 10 mg/mL), while the highest iron chelating activity was observed in the water extract of the same species (92.05% at 10 mg/mL). Both strains presented a high proportion of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. The results suggested that these microalgae could be further explored as sources of natural antioxidants for the pharmaceutical and food industry and as feedstock for biofuel production.     

Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen‐day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.     

盐酸小檗碱与左氧氟沙星联合抑制MRSA及其机制研究

养殖场抗生素滥用造成多种耐药性细菌的产生,从奶肉类制品中分离出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的案例逐年增长,对养殖业食品安全造成巨大威胁。本研究筛选出与左氧氟沙星具有联合抑制MRSA效果的天然产物盐酸小檗碱（BBR）,探究BBR与其对MRSA的协同抑菌效果和联合抑菌机制。结果表明,BBR能有效抑制MRSA生长,提高MRSA对左氧氟沙星的敏感度,两者联用后,MRSA对左氧氟沙星的MIC降为之前的1/16。协同作用机制主要为上调ribA及下调mec A和msc L表达水平,破坏细胞壁、增加细胞膜的通透性,从而达到协同抑菌的目的。本研究有助于降低畜牧养殖中抗生素的使用,为提高肉奶类食品安全奠定基础。     

基于CSCS方法的甘南自然植被NDVI时空分布特征研究

基于综合顺序分类系统(CSCS)模型,利用地理信息系统技术手段,模拟出甘南潜在自然植被类型图,并且结合国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)土地覆盖数据集,制作出甘南残存潜在自然植被分布图和残存潜在自然植被典型区分布图。在此基础上,利用2001-2010年MODIS数据分别研究了残存潜在自然植被分布区及其典型区的NDVI年度和月度变化特征。研究结果表明,1) 甘南残存潜在自然植被分布区面积达33 940 km²,占甘南总土地面积的92.53%;2) 残存潜在自然植被典型区主要分布在玛曲县、碌曲县及迭部县部分地区和夏河县北部,在舟曲、卓尼和临潭县分布较少;3) 甘南地区NDVI在2001-2010年期间都呈现出上升趋势,7种植被类型的月最大值出现在7-9月。