儿茶素生物医用纳米材料研究进展

儿茶素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和免疫调节等功能,是茶叶中含量丰富的一类生物活性物质。由于酚羟基的高活泼性导致儿茶素在生物体外及体内极易失去活性,致使其在生物体内利用度不高。近年来,纳米生物技术的发展有望通过配体设计、精准合成和智能调控等策略解决儿茶素低生物利用度的难题,并拓展其在生命健康领域中的应用。综述了近几年儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的研究进展,重点阐述了儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、药物递送和抗病毒等活性,对儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的构建和生物作用机制进行了探讨,并对儿茶素新材料设计及其应用前景进行了展望。     

Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Using New Bacterial Strains from an Antarctic Consortium

In this study, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) achieved by using three bacterial strains Rhodococcus, Brevundimonas and Bacillus as reducing and capping agents, newly isolated from a consortium associated with the Antarctic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii. After incubation of these bacteria with a 1 mM solution of AgNO₃ at 22 °C, AgNPs were synthesized within 24 h. Unlike Rhodococcus and Bacillus, the reduction of Ag⁺ from AgNO₃ into Ag⁰ has never been reported for a Brevundimonas strain. The maximum absorbances of these AgNPs in the UV-Vis spectra were in the range of 404 nm and 406 nm. EDAX spectra showed strong signals from the Ag atom and medium signals from C, N and O due to capping protein emissions. TEM analysis showed that the NPs were spherical and rod-shaped, with sizes in the range of 20 to 50 nm, and they were clustered, even though not in contact with one another. Besides aggregation, all the AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity. This biosynthesis may play a dual role: detoxification of AgNO₃ and pathogen protection against both the bacterium and ciliate. Biosynthetic AgNPs also represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens.     

生物纳米材料在粮油食品检测中的应用

由于食品安全事件的频繁曝光,人们对于食品安全与品质的关注程度与日俱增。传统的实验室检测方法,虽然具有灵敏度高、检测结果准确可靠等优点,但是同样存在着检测周期长,样品前处理过程复杂繁琐,检测通量较低,仪器设备维护成本高,需要专业人员操作等不足,已无法满足目前食品安全与品质的检测需求。基于生物纳米材料的粮油食品检测方法具有成本低廉、方便、易于操作、仪器易于自动化和小型化、灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,本文就生物纳米材料在粮油食品中重金属离子、硝酸盐、纳米病原微生物的研究和应用进行概述,进一步了解生物纳米材料在粮油检测中的进展和作用。     

铁碳复合纳米材料活化过硫酸盐降解土壤中对羟基联苯的机制研究

本文发展了一种高效、低成本的有机污染土壤修复技术,以生物炭和工业铁粉作为原料,采用工业球磨技术制备出了铁碳复合纳米材料,其能够高效活化过硫酸盐降解对羟基联苯。通过高分辨透射电子显微镜和元素扫描发现,球磨法制备的铁碳复合材料粒径为5-30 nm,平均粒径为15 nm,铁颗粒均匀分布于碳材料中；铁碳复合纳米材料的投加量为0.1 g/L、过硫酸钠的投加浓度为0.50 mmol/L,120 min内对水中对羟基联苯的去除率可达100%,而对土壤中的对羟基联苯的降解率也可达85%；利用电子顺磁共振技术发现铁碳材料活化过硫酸盐的主要机制是铁碳材料催化分解过硫酸盐产生具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基(.OH)和硫酸根自由基(SO_4^?-),从而快速降解有机污染物；该反应体系作用pH范围广、不受氯离子和硝酸盐干扰,将为有机污染土壤的修复提供了新的技术。