GROWTH AND IRON-MANGANESE RELATIONSHIPS IN DRY BEAN AS AFFECTED BY FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATIONS OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL

Manganese (Mn) deficiency may be induced by adding large quantities of iron (Fe), provided that soil manganese is marginally deficient. Results of a greenhouse study showed that iron soil application did not influence shoot dry matter yield of dry bean due to the fact that the iron:manganese ratio in aerial parts of dry bean was higher than 0.4. A foliar spray of 2% iron sulfate significantly reduced it probably due to the high level of shoot iron and iron:manganese ratio greater than 4. Iron application decreased concentration/uptake of shoot manganese due to the iron-manganese antagonistic relationships. Mangenese soil application is not an effective method in correction of manganese deficiency induced by iron fertilizers. Iron did not affect root manganese uptake, indicating that manganese absorption was not affected by iron application. Both manganese/iron soil tests are recommended in calcareous soils with manganese soil test in marginal range.     

Temporal trends in bromide release following rewetting of a naturally drained gully mire

Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br^-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br^-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br^-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm^-3 (Br^-), > 60 mg dm^-3 (Fe) and > 300 mg dm^-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values < 0.05 mg dm^-3 (Br^-), < 1 mg dm^-3 (Fe) and < 15 mg dm^-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br^- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.     

等温淬火球墨铸铁的热处理及应用

探索了等温淬火球墨铸铁的生产工艺,分析了原料化学成分的选择,及铸造工艺中的熔炼、球化和孕育处理、浇注温度对制取球墨铸铁的影响;在获得基体组织合理的球墨铸铁的前提下,重点分析了热处理工艺中的奥氏体化温度、等温淬火温度和时间对ADI组织及性能的影响,通过实验及分析,确定了制取理想ADI的最佳热处理工艺。     

补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

内质网应激和氧化应激在纳米氧化铈所致肺损伤中的作用

观察不同剂量纳米氧化铈颗粒染毒后对大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响及大鼠肺组织GRP78蛋白表达情况,探讨其导致肺损伤的作用机制。将粒径为35nm±3nm的纳米氧化铈颗粒悬液以不同剂量(100mg/kg、400mg/kg)给大鼠气管滴注,染毒28d后,测定大鼠血清中SOD活力、MDA含量及肺组织GRP78蛋白表达情况。与对照组相比,高低剂量纳米氧化铈染毒组大鼠血清中SOD活力及MDA含量均无明显改变(P0.05),GRP78蛋白表达均显著增高(P0.05)。纳米氧化铈染毒大鼠所致肺损伤与内质网应激有关,与氧化应激的关系有待进一步研究。     

遮荫处理对铁尾矿基质臭柏实生苗快速叶绿素荧光特性的影响

【目的】通过比较分析铁尾矿基质下不同遮荫处理间臭柏实生苗叶片原初光化学反应的差异,揭示臭柏在不同光照条件下的光保护机制,从理论上解释其天然更新过程,为臭柏光胁迫的研究提供理论依据,也为臭柏在铁尾矿废弃地造林提供技术依据。【方法】以唐山迁安铁尾矿为基质,通过盆栽遮荫试验,利用快速叶绿荧光诱导动力学测定与 JIP-test数据分析方法,分别测定0,25%,50%,75%和90%5个遮荫处理下臭柏叶绿素8项荧光参数。【结果】1)全光照条件下Fo 增大,Fm 减小,而叶片光合系统量子产额和能量分配比率(φPo,Ψo和φEo)、单位面积光合机构的比活性参数(Fm,ETo/CSm和 TRo/CSm)和单位面积内反应中心的数量(RC/CSm)均最小,且各个遮荫处理组间差异均达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著水平(P＜0.01),表明全光照条件下臭柏实生苗反应中心失活,受到光抑制,而全光照下快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线中 K 点与 J 点明显高于其他遮荫处理,而且光抑制对臭柏叶片PSⅡ的供体侧(OEC)有伤害,造成PSⅡ受体侧(Q －A )的大量积累,阻碍电子传递链向Q －A 下游传递。2)全光照条件下叶片热耗散的量子比率(φDo )和单位面积光合机构的比活性参数( DIo/CSm )均最大,且与其他遮荫处理组间差异也均达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著水平(P＜0.01),表明全光照条件下臭柏在遭受光抑制后,通过增加天线色素的热耗散,增加非辐射能量耗散等一系列机制来保护光合机构免受过量光能的危害。3)随着遮荫率增加,φPo ,Ψo和φEo,Fm(ABS/CSm),ETo/CSm和TRo/CSm,RC/CSm随之上升,而φDo和Fo(ABS/CSo),DIo/CSm随之下降,90%遮荫处理表现出明显的光捕捉特征,50%遮荫处理 Fm ,PIABS的平均值最大,说明该遮荫条件下臭柏叶片光抑制最小,光合能力最强,其他参数在不同遮荫处理组间无明显差异( P＜0.05)。【结论】臭柏幼苗若无遮荫措施,受到光胁迫,而其通过增加非辐射能量耗散途径达到光抑制防御的机制。因此臭柏天然更新从乌柳灌丛下开始,逐渐脱离乌柳灌丛的保护,完全暴露在全光照条件下,进而实现自身的不断生长、壮大,但在废弃地上植苗造林初期尚需采取一定的遮荫措施,以提高造林成活率。