铁改性油菜秸秆生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤氮磷淋失 及酶活性的影响

生物质炭是一种具有前景的土壤改良剂,目前针对铁改性油菜秸秆生物质炭对茶园土壤养分淋失的研究相对较少。通过向茶园土壤中添加改性、未改性油菜秸秆生物质炭（炭土质量比分别为1 %、3 %和5 %）后开展土柱淋溶及土壤培养实验,研究铁改性或未改性油菜秸秆生物质炭作用于土壤养分淋失及酶活性（蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶）的变化规律,旨在分析和比较铁改性及未改性生物质炭对茶园土壤微生物活性及养分循环的影响。结果表明,添加生物质炭可增加茶园土壤的保水能力, 土壤水分累积淋溶量随生物质炭添加量的增加显著减少, 添加5 %的改性生物质炭（g3）及未改性生物质炭（w3）分别较未添加生物质炭的土壤（CK）减小7.70 %和16.98 %。g3处理对土壤硝态氮和磷酸盐的固持作用最为显著,淋失量较CK处理分别减少31.82 %和60.56 %。生物质炭对茶园土壤酶活性存在一定促进作用,但添加改性或未改性生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响存在明显差异。其中, w3中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶分别显著高于其他处理14.85 %～25.10 %和19.00 %～48.98 %,添加3 %未改性生物质炭（w2）后,土壤过氧化氢酶活性高出其他处理2.14～29.33 μmol·h^-1·g^-1;g3处理对酸性磷酸酶促进作用最强。总的来说,未改性生物炭在增强茶园土壤持水能力及促进土壤酶活性方面要优于铁改性生物炭,而改性生物质炭对土壤氮磷养分的固持作用更为显著。因此,为改善茶园土壤质量,提高土壤肥力,应适量选取铁改性生物质炭。     

钢铁企业电气自动化专业技术应用研究

应用电气自动化技术，能使工业生产管理更加科学合理，生产的精度、效率也大幅提高，因此应用广泛，在钢铁生产中也不例外。通过该技术的应用可以提高生产者对整个生产过程中控制，还可以获取有效地信息，解决生产过程中存在的主要问题。在此，对电气自动化在钢铁企业的应用情况以及发展趋势进行深入分析，希望能够不断提高其生产效率。     

Fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau as a dust source: iron mineralogical and geochemical evidence

The Alagxa Plateau, in the margin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most important dust source areas in East Asia, and the widespread sandy desert in the area is important both as a reservoir and a source of eolian silty. The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the most actively-growing mountain belt on earth, and has large amounts of debris, with masses of fine grained material, which were continuously mobilized and deposited in the Alagxa Plateau by rivers, forming broad alluvial fans. It is possible that the role of fluvial sediments as a source of silty dust in the Alagxa Plateau has been underestimated. In this study, we test this hypothesis by investigating the iron mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the fluvial sediments and the surface material of the sandy desert in the Alagxa Plateau, and comparing them with paleo-eolian dust deposits(loess) in the adjacent Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) to investigate the possible linkages among the fluvial sediments, sandy desert and the last glacial loess of the CLP. The results show that sandy desert typically have high contents of goethite, and high ratios of goethite to hematite, similar to the fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau. Based on the major element characteristics, field investigations and the results of previous studies, we found a genetic link between the silt component of the fluvial sediments and the sandy desert in the Alagxa Plateau with high value of Gt(goethite) and similarity of the Gt/(Hm(hematite)+Gt) ratio. But the silt component of the sandy desert main come from the adjacent fluvial sediments. The iron mineralogical characteristics(χ(magnetic susceptibility), χARM(anhysteretic susceptibility), SIRM(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) and SIRM_(AF100 mT)(SIRM demagnetized at 100 mT)) of the CLP samples overlap with those of the fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau, but there is a mismatch with the sandy desert samples. This suggests that the fluvial sediments are the source of a large amount of silty material which could be transported to the CLP. Therefore, we conclude that the fluvial sediment in the Alagxa Plateau is an important source of eolian silt, which is deposited in downwind region, and that this source has been previously underestimated.     

不同铁源对仔鸡生长的影响

选取1日龄罗曼蛋公鸡90只,随机分为3组,每组30只。以玉米、大豆分离蛋白为主要成分的半纯合基础日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸亚铁(含铁30%)、蛋氨酸铁(含铁10%)和甘氨酸铁(含铁10%)3种铁源,使铁含量各为80mg/kg,组成对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组。试验期为28d。28日龄时停饲24h后称重屠宰,取内脏器官,结果表明,蛋氨酸铁促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育,在21和28日龄时体重比对照组分别提高了10.57%和14.94%;甘氨酸铁组与对照组相比,差异不显著,但在一定程度上可以促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育。     

凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪血清、肝脏和肠道黏膜抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪血清、肝脏和肠道黏膜抗氧化指标的影响。选取210头21日龄体重(6.30±0.51) kg的健康杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为7个组,每组6个重复,每个重复5头猪。各组分别为对照组(CON组,基础饲粮)、抗生素组(ANT组,基础饲粮+抗生素)、氧化锌组(ZO组,基础饲粮+3 000 mg/kg氧化锌)、纳米氧化锌组(NZO组,基础饲粮+800 mg/kg纳米氧化锌)、低剂量凹土纳米氧化锌组(LANZ组,基础饲粮+700 mg/kg凹土纳米氧化锌)、中剂量凹土纳米氧化锌组(MANZ组,基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg凹土纳米氧化锌)和高剂量凹土纳米氧化锌组(HANZ组,基础饲粮+1 300 mg/kg凹土纳米氧化锌)。预试期3 d,正试期9 d。结果表明:1) ZO和LANZ组的血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05);ANT、ZO、LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于CON组(P <0. 05),且ANT组的血清T-AOC显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。2) LANZ组的肝脏CAT活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3) ZO、NZO、LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组的空肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)。ZO、LANZ组的空肠黏膜CAT活性显著高于CON和ANT组(P<0.05)。ANT、ZO、NZO、LANZ和HANZ组的空肠黏膜T-AOC显著高于CON和MANZ组(P <0.05)。4) HANZ组的回肠黏膜CAT活性显著低于CON组(P<0.05),ZO、NZO组的回肠黏膜谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著低于CON、ANT和LANZ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加适量凹土纳米氧化锌能够提高血清、肝脏和肠道中抗氧化酶的活性,增强仔猪的抗氧化性能。本试验中,饲粮中凹土纳米氧化锌适宜添加量为700 mg/kg。     

饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅生产性能、繁殖性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅生产性能、繁殖性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响,旨在探讨产蛋期种鹅对铁的需要量。选择34周龄体况相近的种鹅120只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只(1公4母)。各组(Ⅰ~Ⅵ组)饲粮铁添加水平分别为0、20、40、60、80、100mg/kg。预试期1周,正试期10周。结果表明:1)Ⅴ组平均蛋重显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由二次曲线拟合方程得出,饲粮铁添加水平为80.61mg/kg时平均蛋重最高。2)Ⅴ组种蛋合格率、种蛋孵化率和健雏率显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组种蛋受精率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由二次曲线拟合方程得出,饲粮铁添加水平为79.87mg/kg时,种蛋合格率最高;饲粮铁添加水平为84.82mg/kg时,种蛋受精率最高。3)Ⅴ组蛋黄色泽显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清尿素氮和肌酐含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清铁含量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)Ⅴ组血液中红细胞数显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组血液中红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白含量显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组血液中平均红细胞体积显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此可见,饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅平均蛋重、繁殖性能、蛋黄色泽及血液生理生化指标有显著影响,综合考虑,产蛋期种鹅饲粮铁添加水平为80.61~84.82mg/kg为宜。     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能及其抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能、血液理化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选用体重接近、胎次接近、预产期一致的健康“长×白”二元杂母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,3个处理组分别在基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁、甘氨酸亚铁、复合有机铁。结果显示:较硫酸亚铁组,复合有机铁组产程缩短23.57%、胎产健仔数增加14.00%、初生窝重增加14.14%(P < 0.05);母猪血红蛋白含量、红细胞数和红细胞压积分别提高19.88%、10.53%、8.33%(P < 0.05);母猪抗氧化酶活性和机体抗氧化能力提高47.33%(P < 0.05),丙二醛含量降低37.05%(P < 0.05)。综上所述,母猪日粮中额外补充复合有机铁源能提高母猪繁殖性能,改善血液理化指标,增强母猪抗氧化能力。     

The Design and its Implementation of a MultiMedia Course for Cast Iron Welding

How to develop a multimedia course for cast iron welding is discussed.The course is implemented with a multimedia application development software ToolBook 3.0.     

Trace element status of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fed a fish-meal based diet with or without supplementation of zinc, iron, manganese and copper from first feeding

Growth, haemoglobin and element status were compared in Atlantic salmon fed a practical fish-meal based diet, unsupplemented or supplemented with a mixture of the elements zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) from first feeding (weight 0.20 g). The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish from weeks 1–20 and to duplicates from weeks 21–34. The basal diet (Diet 1) was not supplemented and contained 67 mg Zn, 106 mg Fe, 4.7 mg Mn and 3.7 mg Cu kg^–1. Diet 2 was supplemented with 68 mg Zn, 34 mg Fe, 13 mg Mn and 3.5 mg Cu kg^–1. Iron was not added to Diet 3.
Mean weight and mortality did not differ among the groups at any sampling point. Whole-body Zn and Mn responded to dietary concentration at all sampling points. Plasma and vertebrae Zn concentrations responded significantly to dietary Zn concentration. There were no effects with Fe. The Fe status of the fish, assessed by whole-body and liver Fe concentrations, was low in all groups. No effect of supplementation was found for Cu and no accurate judgement either of status or requirement could be made from the present results.
It is concluded that supplementing fish-meal based start feeds for Atlantic salmon with Zn, Mn and Fe is appropriate, while further studies are needed for the evaluation of Cu supplementation. The supplementation levels used in the present experiment appeared to meet the requirements for Zn and Mn, while the supplemented level of Fe appeared to be too low. Deleting Fe from the element mixture did not significantly affect Fe status or that of Zn, Mn and Cu.
There was an accumulation of Zn and Fe with growth. Cu remained constant and there was a trend towards reduced Mn in the fish given the unsupplemented diet.