用于电泳沉积涂层的羟基磷灰石粉体沉淀法制备

以磷酸铵和硝酸钙为反应前驱物,采用沉淀法在室温下合成纯度高并且具有良好电泳性能的羟基磷灰石粉末,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对所合成的羟基磷灰石进行表征。研究结果表明:在合成过程中不断添加1∶1(体积比)氨水使反应体系的pH值处于11附近可获得组成符合羟基磷灰石化学计量的沉淀产物,沉淀产物经过72h陈化处理后多数颗粒的粒度为2~4μm,电泳性能良好;合成产物经800℃以上高温煅烧后能得到纯净的羟基磷灰石,在1200℃下煅烧2h未发现羟基磷灰石分解。     

不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附机制

为明确不同纳米材料对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果和机制,筛选出经济有效的As污染吸附材料,采用批处理振荡平衡法,研究了多层氧化石墨烯(多层GO)、20 nm羟基磷灰石(P20)、40 nm羟基磷灰石(P40)以及纳米零价铁(n Fe)对As(Ⅲ)的吸附差异性。结果表明,不同纳米材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附能力存在显著差异(P0.05),吸附容量的大小顺序为多层GO(17.4 mg·g~(-1))P20(2.74 mg·g~(-1))P40(2.17 mg·g~(-1))n Fe(0.976 mg·g~(-1))。其中,多层GO对As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果最好,其饱和吸附量是nFe的17.8倍。通过能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等对不同纳米材料吸附As(Ⅲ)前后进行分析,证实了多层GO的吸附机制是以单层化学吸附为主;P20、P40、nFe吸附机制为材料表面的聚沉吸附及含氧官能团与As(Ⅲ)发生络合等反应的吸附。实验结果表明多层GO可作为吸附材料用于As(Ⅲ)污染水体的修复。     

纳米ZnO/PEG/PET复合材料的原位聚合制备及其性能

通过原位聚合制备了纳米氧化锌颗粒增强不同添加量和分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG）与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）共聚物的复合材料。研究了纳米粒子在基体里的分散，以及纳米粒子和PEG对复合材料结晶行为的影响。结果显示，纳米粒子在基体中以纳米尺度分散起晶核作用。PEG的加入使得纳米粒子分散更加均匀，PEG分子链段改善了PET分子链的柔性，由此导致复合材料的冷结晶温度降低，结晶速率提高。研究发现，当添加10％分子量为4000的PEG时，复合材料的结晶速率快速提高。复合材料的力学性能结果说明，纳米粒子对PET基体有增强增韧作用，但PEG会弱化该作用。     

基质分散萃取-高效液相色谱法对菠菜中噻虫胺残留的检测

研究确立了乙腈为分散萃取溶剂,以羧基化双壁碳纳米管(DWCNTs-COOH)和石墨化碳黑(GCB)为基质分散材料的菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)样品中噻虫胺残留基质分散萃取前处理方法,建立并优化了乙腈等度洗脱的HPLC残留样品外标定量方法。结果表明,优化色谱条件下,噻虫胺标准样品的色谱保留时间为6.258 min,在0.05~100 mg/L范围内与对应色谱峰积分面积线性响应良好,回归方程为y=4.948 2x-1.316 9(R~2=0.999 7),噻虫胺在菠菜样品中0.1、0.5和5.0 mg/kg 3个水平的添加回收率均在85%以上,各添加水平的相对标准偏差均小于7%,该色谱条件下仪器检出限为0.052 7μg/L,方法的最低检测量为0.015 mg/kg。表明该残留样本前处理方法和样品检测方法简便、高效、经济、可靠,可满足噻虫胺在菠菜中的残留定量检测要求。     

石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对烟草吸收镉的影响

为了探讨施用不同钝化剂对烟草吸收富集镉的效果,采用盆栽试验研究了石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对Pb-Cd复合污染土壤上的烟草镉吸收富集的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值均随3种钝化剂用量的增大而升高,而土壤有效镉(DTPA-提取)含量则随之降低。土壤有效镉的最大降幅分别为:32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理(52.4%)16 g/kg石灰处理(37.0%)12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理(14.1%)。3种钝化剂都降低了烟株各部位镉的含量,其对烟叶镉含量的平均最大降幅分别为87%(16 g/kg石灰处理),74.7%(12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理)和82.2%(32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理)。石灰和羟基磷灰石对镉在根-茎之间的转移无显著影响,而硅酸钠则显著降低了镉在根-茎之间的转移。综上,镉污染的植烟土壤可以施用这些钝化剂以降低烟叶中镉的含量。     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

静电纺丝制备魔芋葡甘聚糖-纳米四氧化三铁纳米纤维膜结构及性能

将魔芋葡甘聚糖-纳米四氧化三铁共混,通过静电纺丝技术进一步制备纳米纤维膜,研究纳米四氧化三铁、KGM、甘油、Na2CO3含量对纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4、KGM、甘油、Na2CO3含量对纳米纤维膜性能有较大影响,当纳米Fe3O4含量为1.0％,KGM含量为1.2％,甘油含量为0.1％,Na2CO...     

A 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone/Marine Collagen Scaffold Reinforced with Carbonated Hydroxyapatite from Fish Bones for Bone Regeneration

In bone tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) and bioceramics are important factors, because of their osteogenic potential and cell–matrix interactions. Surface modifications with hydrophilic material including proteins show significant potential in tissue engineering applications, because scaffolds are generally fabricated using synthetic polymers and bioceramics. In the present study, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) and marine atelocollagen (MC) were extracted from the bones and skins, respectively, of Paralichthys olivaceus. The extracted CHA was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, while MC was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The scaffolds consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL), and different compositions of CHA (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were fabricated using a three-axis plotting system and coated with 2% MC. Then, the MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the scaffolds to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and in vivo calvarial implantation of the scaffolds was performed to study bone tissue regeneration. The results of mineralization confirmed that the MC/PCL, 2.5% CHA/MC/PCL, 5% CHA/MC/PCL, and 10% CHA/MC/PCL scaffolds increased osteogenic differentiation by 302%, 858%, 970%, and 1044%, respectively, compared with pure PCL scaffolds. Consequently, these results suggest that CHA and MC obtained from byproducts of P. olivaceus are superior alternatives for land animal-derived substances.     

棒状纳米氧化锌的制备及其光催化性能分析

以硫酸锌和尿素为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,采用水热法在230℃条件下制备棒状纳米氧化锌。XRD物相分析表明,合成ZnO纳米粒子均为六方晶系纤锌矿结构;SEM形貌观察结果显示,产物为棒状,平均直径约为60～80nm、长度约为260—280nm。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在棒状纳米ZnO光催化下、pH值8．0时可迅速分解,降解90min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达100％。     

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。