松毛虫发生世代与世代分化

本文论述松毛虫发生世代和世代分化的复杂性,包括落叶松毛虫、马尾松毛虫、赤松毛虫和油松毛虫等。发生世代因地区不同而异。在同一地区,由于松毛虫幼虫的滞育,常出现世代分化。世代分化比例在不同地区、不同年份、不同松林和不同树木之间都有差异。在同一地方,不同年份也有差异。滞育与幼虫孵化期、气候、生态条件和食料有关。本文还讨论了“油松毛虫发育起点温度和有效积温的研究”〔林业科学,1987,23(3)〕的有关问题。     

丽格海棠的离体快繁研究

组培快繁技术研究结果表明:适宜丽格海棠叶片诱导芽分化的培养基为MS 6 BA0 50mg/L NAA1 00mg/L;适宜丛生芽继代增殖的培养基为MS 6 BA0 25mg/L NAA1 00mg/L;适宜丽格海棠试管苗生根的培养基为1/2MS,其生根率为100%。     

雷竹四季出笋高效经营技术研究

对竹园地进行温、肥、水条件的调节控制试验结果表明：在温度适宜、养分充足、水分满足的情况下,竹园竹林一年四季都能出笋,并能在1～2月市场最高价时大量出笋,每公顷鲜笋产量达23.048t,产值达283574.80元,提高了竹林的经济效益。     

香花槐生物学特性及其芽分化影响因素研究

研究了影响香花槐组织培养芽分化的主要因素,包括:外植体取材时期、消毒处理、基本培养基、细胞分裂素种类与浓度配比、细胞分裂素与生长素配比等。结果表明:M是最佳基本培养基;适合香花槐增殖分化的细胞分类素为浓度0.5mg L-1的6-BA;香花槐增殖培养的最佳组合为6-BA0.5mg L-1+IBA0.05mg L-1+2%蔗糖。     

Fibronectin modified expression of Sonic hedgehog in ATRA-mediated neuronal differentiation

In this study, the effect of fibronectin on the neurite outgrowth from embryoid bodies (EBs) in neurodifferentiated embryonal carcinoma P19 cells was examined. The neurite outgrowth on fibronectin was maintained for a longer time in comparison with those on collagen or laminin. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that mRNA level corresponding to sonic hedgehog (Shh) in neurodifferentiated P19 cells was upregulated on fibronectin, whereas collagen or laminin did not affect. Further knockdown of integrin αv subunit in P19 cells demonstrated that expression of Shh was mediated through interaction between fibronectin and integrin. Additionally, exogenous Shh agonist accelerated neurite outgrowth from embryonic stem cell-derived EBs without large change of neuronal phenotype expression. Taken together, fibronectin could maintain neurite outgrowth via increased Shh expression.     

Na?ve-like conversion enhances the difference in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between rabbit ES cells and iPS cells

Quality evaluation of pluripotent stem cells using appropriate animal models needs to be improved for human regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that although the in vitro neural differentiating capacity of rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be mitigated by improving their baseline level of pluripotency, i.e., by converting them into the so-called “naïve-like” state, the effect after such conversion of rabbit embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here we found that naïve-like conversion enhanced the differences in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between ESCs and iPSCs. Naïve-like rabbit ESCs exhibited several features indicating pluripotency, including the capacity for teratoma formation. They differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes much more effectively (3.3–7.2 times) than naïve-like iPSCs. This suggests an inherent variation in differentiation potential in vitro among PSC lines. When naïve-like ESCs were injected into preimplantation rabbit embryos, although they contributed efficiently to forming the inner cell mass of blastocysts, no chimeric pups were obtained. Thus, in vitro neural differentiation following naïve-like conversion is a promising option for determining the quality of PSCs without the need to demonstrate chimeric contribution. These results provide an opportunity to evaluate which pluripotent stem cells or treatments are best suited for therapeutic use.     

焉耆盆地土壤养分系统敏感性空间分异特征研究

在全球变化背景下,揭示土壤养分系统对气候和人类耕地利用活动变化的响应对于农业可持续发展至关重要。基于焉耆盆地的气候、耕地利用强度(LUI)和土壤养分数据,采用敏感性、贡献率和GIS方法分析了土壤养分系统对气候和人类耕地利用活动变化的敏感性及其空间分异特征。结果表明：焉耆盆地气候暖湿化趋势明显(气温倾向率为3℃/(10a),降水量倾向率为39 mm/(10a)),LUI微幅上升;土壤养分系统对气候和LUI变化的敏感性存在显著的空间差异和响应差异。土壤养分系统对气温变化敏感性的空间异质性更高,对LUI变化敏感性更具有响应深度;气候和LUI对土壤养分系统变化的贡献率空间分异明显,并且LUI的贡献率大于气候;土壤养分系统的敏感性及其空间布局是自然环境和人类耕地利用活动相互调节和空间分异的综合结果。研究结果可为提高区域土壤养分系统应对气候变化的能力和耕地精准高效管理提供科学依据。     

三个油橄榄品种花芽分化和果实发育过程观测

为研究油橄榄在酸性土壤、夏雨型气候环境下的生长发育特征,因地制宜开展田间栽培管理提供科学依据。以中国南方3个油橄榄适生良种豆果、柯基和尼Ⅰ为材料,比较花芽分化、花期物候、花序特征、单果重和含油率差异。结果显示:3个品种的花芽分化均起始于3月上旬,豆果和尼Ⅰ初花期为5月3日,花期分别为10、6 d;柯基初花期为5月4日,花期11 d。豆果、尼Ⅰ、柯基的平均花序长度分别为2.5、2.5、2.9 cm,单个花序平均小花数量分别为16.3、14.9、17.9个。果实转色的先后次序和成熟期的早晚一致,依次为尼Ⅰ、豆果和柯基;单果重和含油率随着时间的推移均呈上升趋势,但二者增速不同,单果重在果实发育前期增长较快,含油率在果实发育后期增长较快。至10月24日果实成熟度分别达M5(尼Ⅰ和豆果)和M4(柯基),尼Ⅰ的单果重和含油率分别为3.40 g、13.05%,豆果的单果重和含油率分别为1.15 g、14.31%,柯基的单果重和含油率分别为0.77 g、12.31%。综上表明,3个品种花期基本一致,柯基的花量大、花期长,可作为授粉品种加以利用;在果实的生长发育过程中,前期应加强田间肥水管理,以确保树体处于良好的营养水平,为后期油分积累奠定物质基础,同时在梅雨季节要注意及时排水。     

西安市化肥施用面源污染环境风险评价研究

专项定量评估化肥施用面源污染环境风险,精准识别化肥施用面源污染高风险区域,进而制定有效措施,对面源污染管控工作至关重要。利用西安市1991-2018年化肥施用相关统计数据,全面分析了全市化肥施用时序演变和空间分异特征,并评价了化肥施用面源污染环境风险程度。结果表明：西安市化肥施用量在经历1991-2014年的快速增长后,于2015-2018年出现“四连降”;氮磷钾化肥施用结构比例由1991的1∶0.24∶0.13逐步调整为2018年的1∶0.34∶0.37;1991-2018年间化肥施用强度随时间递增趋势明显,2018年化肥施用强度为1991年的3.60倍;化肥施用环境风险整体增大趋势明显,总肥风险已由1991年的“尚安全”程度上升为2018年的“重度风险”程度。西安市化肥施用面源污染环境风险空间差异明显,其中长安区为“低度风险”区域,临潼区、高陵区和鄠邑区为“中度风险”区域,灞桥区、阎良区和蓝田县为“重度风险”区域,未央区和周至县为“严重风险”区域。在确保农作物产量基础上,西安市应从施肥技术、科技攻关、政策法规等层面入手,制定有效管控措施。