青蒿内生真菌IS928产青蒿素类化合物的发酵培养基优化

[目的]为了开发青蒿素类化合物新的生产方法。[方法]从青蒿中分离出一株产青蒿素类化合物的内生真菌IS928,采用单因素试验法研究了液态发酵生产青蒿素类化合物合适的培养基,包括碳源、氮源、无机盐等对其产量的影响,并采用响应面法对发酵培养基进行了优化。[结果]适宜培养基配方为:蔗糖3.15%,酵母粉2.27%,KH_2PO_40.254%,MgSO_4·7H_2O0.173%,NaCl0.05%,得到青蒿素类化合物产量平均值为17.19 mg/L。[结论]该研究为青蒿素类化合物发酵生产的研究提供了理论基础。     

Interactions amongst Mycorrhiza,Azotobacter chroococcum and Root Characteristics of Wheat Varieties

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications over 2 years to evaluate the effect of wheat cultivar and dual inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum (Azc) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum) on root characters and AMF infection in three crosses of wheat. The experimental material comprised four wheat parents, WH‐147, WH‐157, WH‐542 and PBW‐175, and three F₁ crosses, WH‐147 ×WH‐157, WH‐147 × WH‐542 and WH‐147 × PBW‐175. Comparison of treatment averages, i.e. control (mineral nutrients 60 kg N + 30 kg P₂O₅ + 12.5 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1, as in other two treatments), AMF and AMF + Azc, revealed that inoculation of Azc led to an increase in AMF infection in roots. Maximum root biomass was obtained in F₁ hybrids WH‐147 × WH‐157 in the AMF treatment and in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 receiving AMF + Azc. Total root length and AMF infection of roots was maximum in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 for all the treatments during both years. A positive association between AMF infection in roots and Azotobacter survival in the rhizosphere was apparent. Similarly, maximum A. chroococcum counts were observed 80 and 120 days after sowing in the AMF + Azc treatment in cross WH147 × PBW175.     

短原木熟料栽培灵芝优良菌株G9109试验

新选育的灵芝菌株G9109属于早熟型品种。该菌种在6～36℃温度范围内菌丝均能生长,但菌丝生长适温为18～32℃,最适温度为26℃。在木屑培养基上,菌丝粗壮、洁白、整齐,爬壁能力强,满瓶天数为20～21d。与其它灵芝菌株相比,短原木熟料栽培的G9109具有适应性强、出菇早、朵型大、菌褶金黄色等优点,是高产优质菌株。     

嗜热真菌M5的生物学特性

助堆剂中一种嗜热真菌Ｍ５的最适生长温度为４５－５０℃，ＰＨ７．５－８．０，经它分解代谢后的草料培养基及其浸出物，可以促进蘑菇菌丝的生长繁殖。Ｍ５具有堆制作用。     

黄空柄牛肝菌菌丝体纯培养条件下营养生理特性的初步研究

黄空柄牛肝菌是油松能够在干旱石质山区生长的关键菌根真菌之一。经组织分离与菌丝体的纯培养，其营养生理代谢特性的初步研究结果表明：培养基、Ｃ、Ｎ源、ＰＨ值对菌丝体的生长均为极显著，菌丝体在ＭＲＤ培养上基生长势最好，酒石酸氨是其生长的最佳Ｎ源，同时该地有机Ｎ源的利用效好的效果。     

死活相克原理与“菌根遗毒”假说──视解杉木连栽引起地力衰退之谜

根据多年的实践观察，应用“死活相克”原理，提出“菌根遗毒”的假说，剖析杉木连栽引起地力衰退问题的一些原因，这将对该问题认识的深入与解决有一定的促进作用。     

园林花卉真菌病害研究之五

 本文报道15种园林花卉植物上15种真菌病害,其中国内新记录5种,云南、四川、新疆、省区新记录10种,国内新记录种有描述附病原图,标本存云南农业大学植物病理研究室真菌标本室(MHYAU).     

黑老虎枝枯病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith has been wildly cultivated in Southeast of Guizhou province, bearing fruit as an excellent nutrition source being rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and a variety of trace elements. In 2017-2018, we found twig blight on Kadsura coccinea with small black dot-like structure in the late stage on lesion, a very common disease causing significant economic losses. The fungal isolates were recovered from the symptomatic stem tissues and small black dot (pycnidium) which contained transparent, unicellular and spindle-shaped conidia of (17.4±1.2) μm×(6.5±0.7) μm. The purified culture with the grayish white to dark grayish-green as well as partial straight hyphae on PDA plate was consistent with Neofusicoccum parvum, supported by the aliment and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, Ef1 α and Tub2 gene sequences (GenBank no: MK563984、MK563986 and MK563987).The pathogenicity test on leaves and stems with needle-punching method matched the symptoms described above and re-isolated the fungus confirming the Koch’s postulate. The lethal temperature for mycelial growth was 54℃ for 10 min; The strain could grow normally in most carbon and nitrogen sources except ammonium carbonate. This is the first report of Neofusicoccum parvum causing twig blight on Kadsura coccinea in China.     

稗叶枯菌及其毒素的研究——Ⅱ.病菌寄主范围和对稗的致病性

病原菌孢子悬浮液经人工接种可侵染稗、高梁、玉米和大麦,但不侵染水稻、小麦和小米.病菌的培养滤液稀释液对稗、高粱、小米表现毒性,对水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦不表现毒性.用培养滤液配成的孢子悬浮液接种2叶期稗苗.10d 后最高死苗率为60.5%,病情指数为86.63.     

血耳生物学特性的研究

血耳是民间极感性趣的一种药用兼食用菌。本文从温度、湿度、pH、光线、水份、碳源、氮源、培养代料等因子对血耳菌丝生长原基分化、出耳的影响进行了生物学特性方面的研究,为开发利用血耳,进行人工栽培提供资料。