Growth of cultured mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791) at a deep-water chlorophyll maximum layer

We tested the hypothesis that yield of the mussel Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791) could be increased by placing culture ropes deep into the water column to take advantage of deep‐water chlorophyll a maxima. The study site, in Pelorus Sound, New Zealand, showed periods of thermal stratification of the water column, causing a high concentration of phytoplankton in deeper water, at the thermocline. Mussels were grown simultaneously at 5 and 17 m, for up to 96 days. Mussel growth and condition index data showed no significant differences between the two depth treatments, indicating that in this system there may not be substantial mussel productivity benefits from lowering mussel farms to the deep‐water chlorophyll maximum layer.     

Environmental effects on feed utilization

Both external and internal factors affect the response of fish to variations in dietary quantity and quality. An attempt is made to review major, recent studies on the series of intermediate steps (intake, digestion, metabolism, excretion and retention) involved in the global response of fish to environmental changes. Among these external factors, greater attention is however devoted to those that are the most important natural effectors within the aquatic environment: temperature, ambient oxygen and salinity. The changes brought about by a change in temperature at different levels of nutrient utilization have been studied to a great extent in the recent past. As temperature affects in the first instance, the voluntary food intake, a discussion on current nutrient requirement data should preferably be dealt with in absolute terms. While critical levels of oxygen below which growth is hindered are sufficiently defined for many species, precise data on the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on nutrient utilization are still fragmentory. With regard to salinity, a distinction between stenohaline and euryhaline species and a knowledge of the physiological mechanisms corresponding to their life cycles are required before attempting comparative analyses. Within euryhaline species, best performances are noted at salinities isotonic to the internal medium. Despite accumulating evidence on the effects of cyclical phenomena, the chronobiological approach to fish culture remains practically unexplored.     

史氏鲟南移驯养及生物学的研究 Ⅰ.1龄鱼的生长特性

首次将史氏鲟从黑龙江南移至长江流域人工条件下驯养,培育成１龄幼鱼,１１月龄的个体最大体重为１０５３克,均重６０６克;最大体长为８９８毫米,均长５６９毫米。幼鱼的最适生长水温为１９．８℃在１７—２１℃水温条件下,生长迅速。１龄鱼全长与体重的关系式为Ｗ＝０．００１３０２Ｌ３．２２６８（ｒ＝０．９９９６）,体重生长曲线公式为Ｗ＝６．７７７８９２ｅ０．３８５５ｔ（ｒ＝０．９９３５）。     

一种评价污染物对贝类生长影响的快速测定方法

简要介绍了新研制的贝类壳长电视测量仪的工作原理,及利用这一新的测试手段,根据不同实验条件比较实验的结果所建立的一套用来评价有毒物质对贻贝生长影响的测定方法。该方法快速灵敏、简便可行,在今后的生物测试和生物监测中具有广泛的应用价值。     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验,研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明,与不施锌肥相比,施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值,提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量,减少花生病害的发生,平均降低7.1个百分点,花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下,随着遮阴程度的增加,花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势,花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点,花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下,施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下,施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2,使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能,增产显著,可在花生产区推广应用。     

城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

青蟹对蛋白质和脂肪的需求

在室内养殖水槽进行59 d的饲养试验以确定青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)适宜的蛋白质和脂肪需求。采用4×2的双因素的试验方法,设计4种蛋白水平(34%、38%、42%和46%)和2种脂肪水平(6%和10%)。试验锯缘青蟹初始均重为(44.5±5.1)g,每组3个重复,每个重复放养15只青蟹。结果显示,在相同脂肪水平下,饲喂42%和46%蛋白组青蟹终末体重相对高于34%和38%饲料组;在相同蛋白质水平下,饲喂6%和10%脂肪组青蟹的终末体重不存在显著差异(P>0.05);青蟹的形态学参数和生化组成不受饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响。研究结果显示,青蟹饲料中最适的蛋白质和脂肪需求分别为42%~46%和6%~10%。     

Combined effect of temperature,salinity and density on the growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus)

Based on Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface method, the joint effect of temperature (16–36°C), salinity (0–22 ppt) and rearing density (200–1000 fish.m^?3) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of Nile tilapia juveniles were studied under laboratory conditions. The entire experiment lasted for 1 month (30 days). Results showed that the linear and quadratic effects of temperature, salinity on both growth and feed utilization were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The linear and quadratic effect of rearing density on the growth was highly significant (P < 0.01); the linear effect of rearing density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05), but the quadratic effect nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, and between salinity and rearing density on the growth statistically differed from zero (P < 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, between temperature and density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05). Model equations of the growth and feed utilization on temperature, salinity and density were established, with the coefficient of determination being 98.34% for growth and 98.11% for feed utilization, and could be applied to projection. The optimal temperature/salinity/density combination was obtained utilizing statistical optimization approach: 29°C/6 ppt/500 fish.m^?3, at which the maximal specific growth and feed utilization reached 4.228%.d^?1 and 0.520 respectively, with the desirability being 0.989.     

几种诱食剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、血清生化指标和肝胰腺消化酶的影响

在基础饲料中添加0.03%核苷酸、0.03%核苷酸+0.2%丙氨酸+0.2%甘氨酸、0.2%甘氨酸、0.2%柠檬酸+0.2%甘氨酸,饲养凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)6周,研究一种及几种组合型诱食剂对其生长、血清生化、肝胰腺消化酶以及抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加0.03%核苷酸+0.2%丙氨酸+0.2%甘氨酸能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的增重率、特定生长率和日摄食率(P<0.05);饲料系数以及对虾的成活率不受添加这几种诱食剂的影响(P>0.05)。各组全虾粗蛋白和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05);添加0.2%甘氨酸全虾粗脂肪含量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。对虾血清中总蛋白、胆固醇、血糖、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及谷丙转氨酶(ALTc)的组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对虾肝胰腺中脂肪酶活力在添加0.03%核苷酸最高,显著高于0.2%甘氨酸组;各组间淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。对虾血清中总抗氧化能力以添加0.2%柠檬酸+0.2%甘氨酸最高,与其它各处理差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,核苷酸与氨基酸的复合应用比单独添加核苷酸或氨基酸能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的摄食、生长以及抗氧化能力;在饲料中建议添加0.03%核苷酸+0.2%丙氨酸+0.2%甘氨酸。     

日本鳗鲡腐皮病致病菌异原绵霉(Js80122)适宜生长温度、盐度和pH值的研究

本文研究了日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)腐皮病病原异原绵霉Js80122的生长、适宜生长和最适生长温度、盐度和pH值。Js80122在6℃-41℃范围内能生长,适宜生长温度为15℃～30℃,最适生长温度为25℃;在0～8.5%盐度范围内能生长,适宜生长盐度为0～2.5%,最适生长盐度为0～0.34%;在pH值2.0～8.2范围内能生长,适宜生长pH值为6.0～7.6,最适生长pH值为6.8。二因子正交试验显示,最适生长pH值和盐度分别为为7.0和0.0。