梅花鹿天然Toll样受体9基因克隆与序列分析

Trizol法提取梅花鹿肝脏总RNA,采用ORF两端兼并引物,RT-PCR方法克隆梅花鹿天然Toll样受体9基因（TLR9）并进行系统的生物信息学分析。RT-PCR结果显示,梅花鹿TLR9基因的mRNA长4 043bp,含有800bp左右的5’UTR,完整ORF编码1 081个氨基酸（GenBank序列号为：HQ260632）。同源性分析显示梅花鹿TLR9基因编码区与其他物种高度同源,但5’UTR区存在基因结构的变异。功能结构域分析显示不同物种间TLR9结构域相对保守但也存在细微差别,结构域的差别导致梅花鹿TLR9蛋白胞外区马蹄形弧顶内侧空间结构由人类TLR9蛋白的弧形改变为梅花鹿TLR9蛋白的三角形。进化分析显示TLR9基因分子进化关系与物种间真实进化相一致。     

海南坡鹿栖息地的外来植物调查

海南坡鹿是中国特有的国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,其栖息地的稳定和发展对该物种种群有重要意义。潜在的外来入侵植物会对栖息地产生长期不可恢复的影响。因此,我们于2009—2011年采用样方调查和线路调查相结合的方法对海南坡鹿的栖息地海南大田国家级自然保护区内的外来植物进行了调查,共记录外来植物40科95属115种。其中,草本植物80种,占总物种数的69．6％;不论从科区系还是属区系上看,外来植物的区系分布都具有热带性;50．4％的外来植物产自美洲,在草地中分布最多。保护区内分布广泛的外来植物已对乡土物种产生一定的影响,也将可能对坡鹿的食物资源产生不利影响。根据调查结果,我们提出了一些保护管理建议。     

牙釉质基因鉴定麇鹿性别

性别鉴定是调查野生种群雌雄性比的重要方法,对野生动物种群管理具有重要意义。而牙釉质(AMEL)基因在性染色体上具有较高的保守性,在鉴定动物性别方面得到了应用,本次试验采用北京麋鹿生态实验中心的15头糜鹿组织样本,其中11个来自雄性麇鹿鹿茸,4个来自雌性糜鹿静脉血液。对所取样本分别进行基因组DNA提取、AMEL基因片段PCR扩增、纯化、测序。得到了AMEL基因鉴定和实际雌雄性别个数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:雌性麋鹿产生1条322 bpX带和1条N带,雄性麋鹿则产生322 bpX带和277 bpY带以及1条N带,雄鹿(10/10)和雌鹿(4/4)性别鉴定结果分别都与实际性别符合,所以,使用鹿茸角和血液样本进行AMEL.基因扩增电泳分析可以对糜鹿性别鉴定。     

基于粪便分子生物学技术的中国马鹿分子生态学研究进展

中国马鹿分为东北亚种、天山亚种、塔里木亚种、甘肃亚种、川西亚种、阿拉善亚种、西藏亚种和阿尔泰亚种。根据文献资料系统性总结了以粪便为研究材料对中国马鹿各个亚种的分子生态学的研究现状,展望了中国马鹿分子生态学需要研究的问题;具体介绍了马鹿分子生态学中研究很少的亲权鉴定、近亲交配和家域利用方面的研究现状并提出了进一步的研究趋势。为中国马鹿的种群恢复、保护管理以及科学研究提供依据。     

海南坡鹿对采食部位的选择与饲草酸性洗涤纤维含量的相关性

在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内用食痕法(evidence of feeding on forage)观测海南坡鹿Cervus eldi hainanus(简称坡鹿)对18种草本和18种灌木类饲草的采食部分占整株草本植株或占整枝灌木主枝条的尺寸比,同时测定各饲草的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量.结果显示,按旱季与雨季的(全年)平均值,坡鹿对草本类饲草的采食尺寸比为49.29%,对灌木类饲草为57.3%;草本类饲草的ADF含量为9.91%,灌木类饲草为9.19%;无论草本还是灌木类,坡鹿的采食尺寸比随饲草ADF含量的增加而显著降低.研究表明,在大田自然保护区围栏内,坡鹿对ADF含量在10%以上的饲草不喜食,饲草纤维物质含量是坡鹿在围栏内扩充采食部位以增加营养摄入量的限制性因子,在旱季种植并收割饲草投喂坡鹿时,应避免其纤维物质含量增高.     

梅花鹿和驯鹿外周血和茸血对牛蛙离体心脏心肌收缩力和心率的影响

为探讨鹿血对牛蛙离体心脏收缩力和心率的影响,采用斯氏法离体蛙心,分别用不同的鹿血对离体心脏进行灌流,用BL 420E生物技能试验系统记录离体心脏给药前、后心肌收缩力和心率的变化。试验结果表明:梅花鹿外周血、梅花鹿茸血、驯鹿外周血和驯鹿茸血与任氏液对照组相比心肌收缩力增加42.27%¹26.62%,差异极显著(P<0.01),其中梅花鹿外周血和驯鹿外周血较比梅花鹿茸血和驯鹿茸血对增强离体蛙心心肌收缩力更为明显,但对各组间的心率没有影响(P>0.05)。     

Analysis of a survey of metabolic disorders

Extract

This survey was instigated in an endeavour to determine the overall incidence of metabolic disorders in dairying herds in the area covered by the Huntly District Veterinary Club. Response to treatment and mortality figures are also included.     

Feline gingivitis

AIM: To discover whether cross infection between red deer (Cervus elaphus) and cattle is possible with either a bovine isolate of the cattle lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, or with a cervine isolate of the lungworm, Dictyocaulus eckerti.

METHOD: Twelve cattle and 12 red deer were reared parasitefree from birth. At 3–4 months of age, half of each group (n=6) were experimentally infected with D. viviparus and the other half with D. eckerti. The course of infection was monitored for 34 days, after which the animals were slaughtered and the lungs removed to assess levels of infection.

RESULTS: Faecal larval counts demonstrated that patent Dictyocaulus infections occurred in all groups. At necropsy, adult worms were found in the lungs in all groups except the cattle that were infected with D. eckerti. The largest numbers of adult worms were found in the lungs of the red deer infected with D. eckerti.

CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that both cattle and red deer could be infected with either D. viviparus or D. eckerti. However, D. eckerti larvae that originated from deer established more successfully in deer and D. viviparus larvae that originated from cattle established more successfully in cattle.     

A study of periodontal disease in sheep over a twelve month period

Sheep affected by broken mouth periodontal disease (P.D.) were examined over a twelve month period for different clinical parameters. It is suggested that P.D. in sheep is an episodic phenomenon similar to human P.D., and that only a few animals with signs of P.D. may undergo clinically significant destruction over a yearly period. No single parameter could reliably predict future deterioration in other parameters.     

Serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus 2 in northern New Zealand

In the pathological collection of native fauna diseases held at the Taronga Zoo, Sydney, there are materials from about 300 wild, free range brush-tail possums from the Sydney area. Thirty-five of these have neurologic lesions.