上海市近郊区土地整治潜力评价方法体系研究——以宝山区为例

针对土地利用情况较为复杂的上海市近郊地区,设计了一套涵盖农用地整治、农村居民点整治、工业用地整治的土地整治潜力评价方法体系,并以宝山区为例进行了实证研究。     

城镇供水BOT项目的风险研究

结合我国城镇供水设施建设资金短缺的现状，阐述了我国城镇供水项目采用BOT方式的可行性，分析和探讨了BOT项目中的风险及其规避途径。     

Fuzzy Assessment of MSW Disposal Technologies

Three disposal technologies have their own advantages, and meanwhile disadvantages. Facing a special case, it is difficult to choose a proper one. By integrated analysis to three main technologies, a relatively integrated index system is established. Then by means of fuzzy mathematics (quantify and synthetically analyze the index system, make it unitary) ,a final general assessing model is founded. Finally, the paper takes a planning MSW(municipal solid waste) plant as an example, uses a two-level fuzzy assessment model with three groups of assessing factors,which include economical, environmeutal and the other factors, and concludes that composting is the most appropriate choice.     

城市污泥与玉米秸秆堆肥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究

将城市污泥与玉米秸秆进行自然通风堆肥处理，应用GC/MS检测方法对污泥堆肥中的多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)进行了分析。污泥堆肥中PAHs的含量较低，ΣPAHs和ΣPAHs_carc分别为0.561 mg/kg和0.107 mg/kg，绝大部分PAHs化合物的含量低于0.050 mg/kg，含量较高的主要是中、低分子量的化合物。PAHs的降解效果显著，ΣPAHs和ΣPAHs_carc的降解率在80%左右，绝大部分化合物的降解率在50%以上，中等分子量的3个和4个苯环的化合物的降解效果相对较好。污泥堆肥中PAHs的含量、分布模式及其降解效果与原污泥中PAHs的特征密切相关。     

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil restoration on the growth of Pinus halepensis seedlings in a semiarid soil

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth of mycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings planted in a semiarid soil amended with urban refuse in southeast Spain. Three fungal species were used: Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon roseolus, and Suillus collinitus. After 8 months, inoculated seedlings grown under controlled conditions did not differ significantly from controls with regard to plant height and nutrient assimilation. Other features such as root development and stem dry weight showed that the plants grew better in the absence of mycorrhizal inoculation. The mycorrhizal seedlings and the controls were planted in three experimental plots treated with urban refuse (0, 6, and 12 Kg m^-2). After 1 year of growth under field conditions the results showed that the type of fungus inoculated significantly influenced P. halepensis development. This effect varied with the dose of urban refuse. Plant growth was encouraged by the application of refuse but only at the lowest dose. Under these conditions P. tinctorius was the most effective fungus and R. roseolus yielded poorer plant development. The highest application of urban refuse led to notably worse results and a significant decrease in seedling growth compared to controls. In the control plot (without refuse) S. collinitus was the most effective fungus in plant growth improvement. The smallest application of urban refuse had a positive effect on the assimilation of N, P, and K in seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius and S. collinitus.     

脱氮型生物反应器填埋场中生活垃圾的稳定化研究

    研究了填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧或渗滤液回流前经好氧、硝化反应器处理的生物反应器填埋场系统中渗滤液的脱氮效果及其填埋垃圾的稳定化过程.结果表明,填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧的生物反应器填埋场系统渗滤液NH4+-N浓度的衰减速度虽然比渗滤液回流前经好氧、硝化反应器处理的生物反应器填埋场系统慢,但其理论能耗可比后者节省98%左右,并且无需好氧、硝化反应器的基建投资和污泥处理.此外,填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧的方式加快了填埋垃圾和渗滤液中有机物的降解,提高了填埋垃圾的稳定化效果,增加了10%～12%的沉降高度.而渗滤液经过好氧反应器处理后回流到填埋场,将会引起填埋垃圾降解后期碳源供应不足,减慢垃圾的稳定化过程.填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧的生物反应器填埋场系统由于其中的反硝化作用有机物的消耗及好氧微生物的代谢活动,其渗滤液CODCr和VFA最大浓度仅为对照的50%,并且产甲烷反应器的产气量也减少了42%～44%.     

福建省城市垃圾及其渗滤液的重金属污染

对福建福州、南平、泉州、厦门、漳州、龙岩、三明7个主要城市垃圾的处理方式、污染状况、渗滤液及其对土壤的污染状况进行了系统调查,测定、分析了垃圾渗滤液及其浸蚀土壤中的Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Mn、Ni含量.结果表明:目前福建城市垃圾、垃圾渗滤液及其浸蚀土壤存在较严重的重金属污染;与国家污水综合排放标准相比,垃圾渗滤液中Mn、Ni和Cd超标;与国家地面水环境质量标准Ⅴ类标准相比,除了Zn,其余5种重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn、Ni)均超标;与土壤环境质量标准(2级)相比,垃圾渗滤液浸蚀土壤重金属(Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd)超标.     

农村生活垃圾生物稳定预处理对渗滤液产生及污染潜力的影响

为从源头控制垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染,以广州市番禺区猛涌村生活垃圾处理示范基地为研究对象,以猛涌村中转站分选得到的有机垃圾为试验材料,采用生物稳定和淋溶试验研究方法,以未经生物稳定处理的垃圾淋溶试验模拟渗滤液产生为对照(CK),以生物稳定预处理36d的垃圾淋溶试验模拟渗滤液产生为处理1(T1),以生物稳定预处理12d的垃圾淋溶试验模拟渗滤液产生为处理2(T2).通过分析渗滤液pH、氨氮、总磷、COD、水溶性碳等指标的变化,考察生物预处理方法对渗滤液的污染控制效果.结果表明,在10d淋溶试验过程中,T1、T2渗滤液产量比CK分别减少33%、28%;CK渗滤液pH一直呈酸性,而T1、T2介于在7.0～8.5;T1、T2渗滤液氨氮、总磷、COD、水溶性碳平均浓度分别比CK降低77%、63%,75%、69%,73%、66%,74%、69%,明显降低了垃圾的污染潜力,垃圾生物稳定程度越高,污染潜力越低.研究成果从生态控制的角度为垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染防治提供了理论依据.     

湘潭市郊菜园土及部分蔬菜重金属和氟污染状况的研究

湘潭市菜园土全部受到Cd的污染,蔬莲65％超过食品卫生标准,所有菜园土均有Pb污染,其中轻度污染4个区,中度污染2个区,以0.3ppm为标准,则蔬菜含Pb超标率达100％,如以0.6ppm为摄入限量浓度,蔬菜68％超限、Cu,Zn在土壤中均有积累,但末达到引起蔬菜污染的程度,土壤采用湘江流域背景值加2倍标准差作为污染起始值进行评终,3类菜园士对几种重金属元素的积累总趋势为:煤灰菜园土>红菜园土>潮菜园土,污染物质对土壤重金属积累的影响是:煤灰垃圾>污水灌溉>气污,但F的污染则与上相反、白菜和包菜对Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb的蓄积能力顺序相同,均为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,对每种元素而言则白菜的蓄积能力均大于包菜。     

城市垃圾填埋场重金属污染特征及其评价

采用全面踏查和典型调查相结合的方法,对福建省南平市城市垃圾填埋场重金属Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、N i的污染状况进行调查.结果表明:填埋2 a的垃圾填埋场重金属含量较低,填埋10 a的垃圾填埋场的重金属含量较高;垃圾渗滤液不同浸蚀时间土壤的重金属污染状况存在明显差异,浸蚀10 a土壤中重金属含量是浸蚀2 a土壤的3.24-8.34倍,而浸蚀10a土壤重金属含量则是对照的4.1-9.83倍;垃圾填埋场渗滤液的重金属污染也比较严重,其中Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量超过国家地面水环境质量标准(V类标准),Zn、Cd含量超过国家污水综合排放标准.