Genetical Studies on the Mode of Inheritance and Localization of the amo1 (High Amylose) Gene in Barley

In the high amylose starch mutant ‘Glacier AC38’, a single recessive gene designated amo1 is responsible for an amylose content of up to 45%. A rapid technique was established in order to evaluate the amylose/amylopectin ratio in half kernels. To localize this gene, crosses with multiple marker lines and trisormes were conducted. In addition, RFLP markers were used to determine their mapping distance to amo1. Two markers are located 2 cM and 7 cM, respectively, from amo1 on chromosome 5S (1HS). The relationship between the wx and amo1 genes was also examined and the role of the amo1 gene in starch synthesis is discussed.     

Single and Multiple Traits Selection in a Segregating Population of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

The breeding materials used in this study were the F₃, F₄ and F₅-generations of the cross between Giza 158 × Sonora 64 (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of Smith-Hazel, desired gain selection indices, independent culling levels and single trait selection in improving grain yield, heading date and several agronomic traits. Highly significant differences among F₃ families and a satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability were obtained for all the traits studied. The genotypic correlations were high between yield and each of spike weight, kernels/spike and spikes; plant, intermediate with 1000 kernel weight and very low with heading date, plant height and spike1 length-After two cycles of selection, the results of the gains realized indicated that the most effective method for improving yield was the Smith-Hazel index (SH₇) of seven traits followed by the desired gain index of seven traits (DG₇), SH₅, independent culling levels, DG₅ and direct selection (or grain yield/plant. Direct selection for heading date, plant height and spike length was the best method for improving these traits, but undesirable correlated responses in the other traits were obtained.     

Inheritance of the virgata pattern of partly colored seed coats in ‘Early Giant’ common bean

The inheritance of the virgata pattern of partly colored seed coats found in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Early Giant (EG) was studied by a series of test crosses with line 5-593 and genetic stocks developed by backcrossing selected genes into the recurrent parent 5-593, a Florida dry bean breeding line with a self-colored, black seed coat with genotype T Z Bip P [C r] J G B V Rk. Analysis of the F₂ from the cross EG × 5-593 led to the hypothesis that the virgata pattern of EG has genotype t z bip^vgt, where vgt stands for virgata. The test cross EG × t z virgarcus BC₃ 5-593 confirmed the hypothesis that EG carries t z from data recorded in F₁, F₂, and 27 F₃ progenies from randomly selected F₂ plants. The F₃ segregation was also consistent with the hypothesis that a single recessive gene converts virgarcus into virgata. The test cross EG × t z bip bipunctata BC₃ 5-593 failed to show genetic complementation in F₁ progeny, and the F₂ segregated 3:1 for the parental phenotypes virgata and bipunctata, respectively. Including previously published data, all possible crosses were made among bipunctata, virgata, and virgarcus parents, supporting a multiple allelic series at Bip. We propose the gene symbol bip^vgt for the new allele at Bip, where the allelic series has the order of gene dominance Bip > bip^vgt > bip. Based on test crosses, the complete seed-coat color and pattern genotype of EG is tz bip^vgt P [C r] J G B v^lae rk^d.     

Genetic control of irregular striping, a new phenotype in Cucurbita pepo

Longitudinal striping of the fruit exterioris a common trait in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin, squash, gourd). Striping occursas ten pairs of alternating dark and lightstripes that are regularly situated inaccordance with the ten sub-epidermalcarpellary vein tracts. Usually, the darkstripes occur in the central areas betweenthe vein tracts, with the light stripesoccupying the remainder of the fruitsurface. A new phenotype is described inwhich dark spots or streaks occur in thecentral areas between the vein tracts;these are usually accompanied by darkstreaks or stripes that occur adjacent toand over part or all of the length of someor all of the ten carpellary vein tracts. The inheritance of this irregular stripingpattern was studied by crossing anaccession that bred true for this phenotypewith a near-isogenic line havinglight-colored fruits. The resultsindicated that irregular striping isdominant to light coloration and isconferred by a single gene. Testcrossesfor allelism with regular striping wereprepared by crossing the irregularlystriped accession with near-isogenic lineshaving broad stripes, l-1 ^BSt/l-1 ^BSt, and narrowstripes, l-1 ^St/l-1 ^St. The testcross results revealed thatirregular striping is conferred by anallele at the l-1 locus, designatedl-1 ^iSt. The l-1 ^iStallele is dominant to light-colored (l-1), recessive to dark-colored (L-1), and can be co-dominant or recessiveto broad-striped (l-1 ^BSt) andnarrow-striped (l-1 ^St),depending on whether or not it is fullyexpressed. Dominance relationships at thel-1 locus can, therefore, berepresented as L-1 > (l-1 ^BSt > l-1 ^St) l-1 ^iSt > l-1.     

微波消解—ICP-OES法同时测定有机肥、复混肥和尿素中多种元素含量的研究

采用微波消解法处理样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体光谱法同时测定有机肥、复混肥和尿素中铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、钴(Co)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)和锑(Sb)11种元素的分析方法。优化了微波消解条件、仪器条件,进行了方法的检出限、精密度、准确性试验。方法检出限为0.003~0.015 mg/L,相对标准偏差均8.1%,回收率为82.4%~103%,通过水系沉积物标准参考样(GBW-07311)及国家标准方法的验证表明,该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高等特点,适合有机肥、复混肥和尿素中11种元素的同时测定。     

对天然林保护工程中林业职工安置问题的思考

通过对天保工程实施后林区职工的社会保障和就业等问题的深入分析,提出了解决工程区林业职工安置问题的对策。     

Indicators of biodiversity, what do they indicate? - Lessons for conservation of cryptogams in oak-rich forest

In the Nordic countries, sets of Indicator (Signal) species, predominantly cryptogams, have been used as one measure to find forest stands which may harbour Red List species. Such data could potentially also be used to prioritise among stands for protection as nature reserves. We studied if the number of Signal species indicates the number of Red List species in oak-rich mixed forest in south Sweden. We also explored if species richness of the investigated groups is correlated with the number of Red List or Signal species. In 25 stands, we surveyed epiphytic and epixylic bryophytes and lichens, ground-floor bryophytes, and wood-living fungi. We studied correlations for two datasets; (1) all forest species and (2) deciduous forest specialists. When relating the number of Signal species to the number of Red List species for each taxon and in total, a significant correlation was found for temperate deciduous forest lichens. The number of Signal species was further significantly correlated to total species richness for lichens (all forest species) and for wood-living fungi (both datasets). The number of Red List lichens was correlated to total lichen richness (deciduous forest species). Signal species seem not to be unequivocal in prioritising potential reserves among valuable oak-rich woodlands and surveys by Red List species experts may be needed. Signal species may be more useful for finding relatively valuable sites in a matrix of production forest. Moreover, Signal species seem to be useful surrogates for total cryptogam species richness.     

三川河流域重点治理的成效和做法

全国水土保持重点治理区之一的三川河流域,十年治理水土流失面积1129km~2,累计治理度达到57.6％,平均治理速度4.1％,其中第一期71条重点小流域治理度达73.4％,年均治理速度5.6％。通过重点治理,全流域人均基本农田达到0.11hm~2,人均经济林0.055hm~2,生态环境初步改善,多种经营迅速发展,国民生产总值每年以7.8％的速率递增,98.7％的贫困户脱贫,年均输入黄河的泥沙量较治理前减少50％以上,治理成效显著。并在实施治理中创造和摸索出一套行之有效的组织领导经验。     

精心组织领导 放手拍卖“四荒” 继续加快小流域治理开发的步伐

精心组织领导放手拍卖“四荒”继续加快小流域治理开发的步伐王文学（山西省人民政府，太原０３００７２）山西省第五次小流域治理工作会议，是在党的十四大提出建立社会主义市场经济体制，各项重大改革措施相继出台的形势下召开的。会议的中心议题，就是按照中央领导同志...     

Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient Model of R.C. Elements under Multiple Factors

Based on the analysis of chloride ion-induced erosion mechanism of reinforced concrete and the Fick’s second law, a multi-factor model of the chloride ion erosion is established. In this model, the influences of water-cement ratio, humidity, time, temperature, and chloride ion binding capacity of concrete are taken into consideration, and the mathematic solution to the new model is provided by considering the boundary conditions. The new model is verified by analyzing the long-term exposed experiment data. Compared with the traditional model of Fick's second law, the model can indicate the development trend of the structure eroded by chloride and the chloride ion concentration in different depth, and at the same time, it can predicate the chlorine ion concentration on rebar surface in different corrosion periods and the initiation corrosion time of reinforcement.