新型4-氨基安替比林席夫碱的合成、表征和抑菌活性

合成了3种新型芳基吡唑酮（1-苯基-3-甲基-4-乙酰基-5-吡唑啉酮、1-苯基-3-甲基-4-甲酰-5-Cl-吡唑和苯甲酰丙酮）缩4-氨基安替比林席夫碱,对合成的化合物进行了元素分析、光谱分析（红外和紫外）以及HNMR分析。采用纸片扩散法,测试了化合物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗茵活性。结果表明,所有化合物都有一定的抑制大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长的活性。     

盐酸2-芳基吗啉的合成与表征

α-溴-4-甲氧基苯乙酮、α-溴-2-氟苯丙酮、α-溴-4-苄氧基苯丙酮、6-甲氧基-2-（溴乙酰基）萘、6-甲氧基-2-（2-溴丙酰基）萘分别与二乙醇胺、2-氨基-1-丙醇、N-甲基乙醇胺、2-甲基-2-氨基-1-丙醇和甲酸发生非经典Leuckart—Wallach反应，合成相应的2-芳基吗啉，后者经盐酸酸化成盐，得到4-羟乙基-（4-甲氧基苯基）吗啉、盐酸3-甲基-4-羟乙基-（2-氟苯基）吗啉、盐酸3-甲基-4-羟乙基-（4-苄氧基苯基）吗啉、盐酸4-羟乙基-（6-甲氧基-2-萘基）吗啉、盐酸3-甲基-4-羟乙基-（6-甲氧基-2-萘基）吗啉、盐酸3，4-二甲基-2-（6-甲氧基-2-萘基）吗啉、盐酸3，5-二甲基-2-（6-甲氧基-2-萘基）吗啉和盐酸3，5，5-三甲基-2-（6-甲氧基-2-萘基）吗啉．产率为15．6％～58．9％．其结构经^1HNMR，^1H-^1H COSY,IR，MS确证．     

纳豆芽孢杆菌配伍发酵产中性蛋白酶的性质研究

为研究纳豆芽孢杆菌SH和B1配伍发酵产物中中性蛋白酶的性质,通过Folin-酚法测定中性蛋白酶的最适作用温度、最适作用pH值、pH稳定性、热稳定性和金属离子、表面活性剂、抑制剂、模拟胃肠道环境对酶活力的影响,绘制相对酶活力变化图。结果表明:该酶的最适作用温度为70℃,最适作用pH为11.0,其次是pH为7.0,40℃时热稳定性较好,在pH6～7时比较稳定,属中性蛋白酶。金属离子、抑制剂和模拟胃环境对酶有抑制作用,而10g/LTween-80和模拟肠道环境对酶有激活作用。     

卵孢小奥德蘑蛛网病病原菌的鉴定与生物学特性研究

卵孢小奥德蘑Oudemansiella raphanipes是近年来成功驯化栽培的一种食药兼用的珍稀菌类,近年来随着其栽培面积的不断扩大,病害发生也越来越严重。作者在北京某卵孢小奥德蘑种植基地发现疑似蛛网病,为明确其病原菌,对发病子实体进行了病原菌分离,并综合其形态学特征、多基因系统发育分析和柯赫氏法则验证的结果,将卵孢小奥德蘑蛛网病病原菌鉴定为金黄菌寄生Hypomyces aurantius(无性阶段为异形枝葡霉Cladobotryum varium)。该病原菌菌丝生长的最适温度为20℃,最适碳源为木屑,最适氮源为黄豆粉,最适pH为6,光照对菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用;产孢最适温度为20℃,最适pH为8,最适氮源为麸皮,最适碳源为木屑;孢子萌发的最适营养液为0.2%葡萄糖溶液,最适温度为25℃,最适pH为6。研究结果为进一步明确卵孢小奥德蘑蛛网病的发生规律,制定科学的防治策略奠定了基础。     

龙胆石斑鱼源美人鱼发光杆菌的生物学特性与系统发育学分析

对从1尾病死的观赏用龙胆石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceolatus L.中分离到的细菌,进行了形态特征、理化特性和对抗菌类药物的敏感性等较系统的表观生物学性状鉴定。同时,测定了16S rRNA基因序列、分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性、构建了系统发生树。结果表明,供试两株纯培养菌（编号：HQ061227-1、HQ061227-2）为发光杆菌属Photobacterium（Beijerinck 1889）的美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种P.damselae subsp.damselae（Love et al.1982;Smith et al.1991）,用HQ061227-1株作为代表菌株的16S rRNA基因序列长度（不包括引物结合区）为1469bp（GenBank登录号：EF635307）,与GenBank数据库中美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种的同源性在99%。药敏试验结果显示,对供试37种抗菌药物中的青霉素G等4种耐药,对头孢唑啉等32种敏感,对氨苄青霉素低敏。     

苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子特性及硬实破除研究

苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子形状、颜色、表面状态差异显著,种子健壮度和硬实率很高,含水量都很低且差异不显著;苦豆子种子长度显著大于披针叶黄华,披针叶黄华种子体积质量和千粒质量显著大于苦豆子,两种豆类宽度、厚度和相对密度之间无显著差异;在新鲜干净的两个豆类种子中,硬实种子和非硬实种子同时存在,破除苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子硬实的最佳措施是：90%的H2SO4处理70 min和120 min;破除硬实的两种豆类种子萌发的物质转化效率达到了77.94%和77.28%,苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子开始萌发时间均为21 h,最低萌发需水率分别为151.05%和151.71%,两种种子萌发相对需水较多,苦豆子种子萌发40 h达最大发芽值,披针叶黄华种子56 h达最大发芽值。     

微藻油脂制备生物基多元醇理化性能分析与结构表征

为了实现有效高值利用非食用、不占耕地的绿色可再生油脂资源,该研究以微藻油脂为原料,采用环氧化-开环法和氢甲酰化-加氢还原法制备了2种生物基多元醇,通过主要理化指标碘值、酸值、环氧基含量、羟值的测定,重要理论理化指标理论双键含量、理论环氧基含量、理论羟值、转化率和选择性的计算,结合气质联用、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振等仪器分析手段,对原料和产物的理化性能和结构进行分析与表征。结果表明,微藻油脂的主要脂肪酸是油酸,质量分数为91.10%,碘值为88.46 g/100 g,理论双键含量0.34 mol/100 g,环氧-开环法得到的多元醇碘值降至0.62 g/100 g,羟值为150.35 mg/g,原料转化率和目标产物选择性分别为99.30%和86.74%,结构中引入仲羟基,通过及时除去环氧反应过程中生成的水、开环反应选择适宜的醇用量可提升产品质量。氢甲酰化-加氢还原法得到的多元醇碘值降至2.12 g/100 g,羟值为166.29 mg/g,原料转化率和目标产物选择性分别为97.60%和95.83%,结构中引入伯羟基,该法为非均相反应,催化剂过滤可除,副反应少,溶剂廉价可回收,产品...     

Agro-morphological diversity of Spanish traditional melons (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis melo</Emphasis> L.) of the Madrid provenance

The variability of 14 landraces belonging to a Madrilean village historically specialized on melon cultivation, Villaconejos, was evaluated based on 58 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits. These landraces were compared to a reference array composed of 14 accessions which represented the main varieties cultivated in Spanish fields. Individual data related to plant, fruit, seed and phenology have been analysed using a multivariate analysis. This analysis showed intra- and inter-varietal diversity, as emphasized the most discriminant morphological traits in order to define similarities. Villaconejos accessions were morphologically distinct from the reference accessions (RA). Only the landraces belonging to Piel de Sapo market class showed common morphological affinities with the RA, grouping with them. The majority of Villaconejos traditional varieties clustered in five different groups, with no RA within, showing distinctive morphological singularities not described previously. Two of these groups showed some particularities in fruit traits, which are appreciated as quality marks for Spanish consumers. These results indicate that these accessions must be conserved as valuable genetic resources to enrich the Inodorus genetic bases for future breeding proposes worldwide. Furthermore, it should be considered the opportunity of promoting their cultivation under the shelter of a Protected Geographical Indication as a high quality melon. Finally, the discovering of such a high variability presented in a very small area, gives a clue for focusing, with an elevated probability of success, future surveys in similar ancestral European villages which in the past times, also supplied more populated cities with their farming products.     

Evolution of organic matter added to soils under cultivation conditions

The development of an organic matter (OM) based on mixed sheep manure and peat, when it was incorporated into soils as fertilizer, was studied. The experiment was carried out in soils under almond tree culture, with drip irrigation and non irrigation regimes. Two doses, 10 and 4.5 kg tree^–1, were assayed. Changes in the humic acid fraction one year after incorporation into soils showed oxidation and enrichment in condensed structures, as observed by an increase of the O*:H* ratio and a decrease of the H*:C* ratio, and also by FTIR spectra. The oxidative process was more significant in the coarser textured and also in the non‐irrigated soil. The evolution of the ratios C_ext:C_ox and C_HA:C_FA throughout the culture cycle was followed by sampling and chemical analysis of different forms of organic carbon. Evolution of C_ext:C_ox showed a uniform humification state in the irrigated soil, and a significant decrease in the non‐irrigated soil, at the beginning of the experiment. Curves of C_HA:C_FA evolution showed changes attributed to mineralization or drainage of the fulvic acids fraction, giving a maximum in spring in both soils and a final increase at the end of the cycle by drainage only in the irrigated soil.     

梅岭土鸡原始生殖细胞的生物学特性

作为精原细胞和卵原细胞的祖细胞,由于其全能性的特点可作为体外胚胎发育研究的良好模型,而禽类独特的生理和发育特点使得其原始生殖细胞(PGCs)在转基因研究中有着巨大价值。本研究通过对孵化5.5d的梅岭土鸡(Gallus domesticus)胚生殖腺中分离得到的PGCs,接种于24孔培养板在温度37℃、95%空气和5%CO2的培养箱中进行体外培养;借助组织化学及免疫组织化学染色对PAS(高碘酸希夫氏染色)、AKP(碱性磷酸酶染色)、SSEA-1(胚胎阶段特异性表面抗原-1)以及TERT(端粒酶反转录酶)进行了鉴定;采用荧光定量PCR技术对PGCs阶段特异性表达基因Cvh(鸡Vasa基因同系物)、Cdh(鸡死端同系物)、Dazl(类无精症缺失)和干细胞多能性相关基因PouⅤ(POU结构域Ⅴ类转录因子1)、Nanog(nanog同源异型盒)、Sox-2(性别决定区Y盒2)基因表达进行了分析;利用脂质体介导法,将绿色荧光蛋白(pEGFP-N3)基因导入鸡PGCs细胞,结果表明,PGCs集落有典型的鸟巢状结构,且PAS、AKP、SSEA-1以及TERT染色阳性;PGCs阶段特异性表达基因Cvh、Cdh、Dazl和干细胞多能性相关基因PouV、Nanog和Sox-2在鸡PGCs中均远远高于在鸡成纤维细胞(CEF)中的表达;转染24h后,绿色荧光蛋白均匀的充满细胞质和细胞核,转染效率最高为16%,研究结果为禽类PGCs分化过程中基因调控及基因标记、转基因动物克隆等技术提供了良好基础。