哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。     

感染16型蓝舌病病毒后绵羊部分细胞因子消长特点研究

本试验旨在探明绵羊感染16型蓝舌病病毒（Bluetongue virus type 16,BTV16）后细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的消长特点。用实时荧光定量PCR检测方法对感染BTV16后3只绵羊上述4种因子mRNA进行检测,同时设立阴性对照绵羊,并以0 d mRNA为基准,计算mRNA的相对表达量,同时检测病毒抗体效价、测量绵羊体温。结果显示,接种BTV16的3只绵羊均不同程度产生抗体和体温症状,4种细胞因子的mRNA在接种病毒2~4 d内均出现显著上升,其中IFN-γ峰值在2.58~27.84倍之间,IL-2峰值在5.24~17.19倍之间,IL-4峰值在2.16~3.43倍之间,IL-10峰值在15.78~48.77倍之间,个体上升幅度存在显著差异,4种细胞因子均在高水平持续6 d左右后逐渐下降。对照绵羊上述参数在正常范围内波动。本研究阐明了接种BTV16后绵羊细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10在转录水平上的消长特点,为进一步深入开展BTV感染特征、宿主机体免疫机制研究提供参考。     

低温弱光下辣椒幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及其与品种耐性的关系

选取4份耐低温弱光性不同的辣椒品种,以耐低温弱光指数作为品种耐性鉴定的依据,研究了四叶一心期,昼/夜温度10 ℃/5 ℃,光照70 μmol ? m-2 ? s-1的低温弱光下叶片叶绿素荧光特性,分析了其与耐低温弱光指数的关系。结果表明,低温弱光处理后,辣椒叶片的初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、光合系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）呈降低趋势;非光化学淬灭系数（qN）在处理3和5 d显著上升,处理7 d,非耐性品种qN显著下降,耐性品种qN显著上升或无显著变化;最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）和快速光响应曲线初始斜率（α）呈下降趋势;半饱和光强（Ik）在非耐性品种中呈下降趋势,但在耐性品种中呈上升趋势;随着光照强度不断增强,qP不断下降,但耐性品种发生完全光抑制的光强显著大于非耐性品种。Fo、Fm、qP、qN、Fv/Fm、rETRmax、α、Ik等叶绿素荧光参数与耐低温弱光指数显著相关,其中rETRmax最稳定灵敏。qP光响应曲线和rETRmax可作为实际生产中辣椒耐低温弱光的主要筛选指标。     

干扰素研究进展

干扰素是一类具有广泛生物学活性的蛋白质,具有调节机体免疫功能、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种作用,是机体防御系统的重要组成部分。该文主要叙述了干扰素的分类基本特性,作用机理及其在人医和兽医上的应用,并指出了当前干扰素研究中存在的问题。     

鸡冠花新品种‘荣华鸡冠花’

‘荣华鸡冠花'是广东地方品种‘早水鸡冠花'种子经卫星搭载诱变后,经5代以上系统选育出的新品种。平均株高26.32 cm,株幅30.92 cm;鸡冠形花序数9个,冠色猩红;叶片长卵形、黄绿色;属早花型,花期60 d以上。耐热性强,适合全国各地夏季和华南地区周年栽培。     

生姜群体光台特性的研究

利用田间同化箱对生姜的群体光合特性进行了研究。结果表明，生姜群体光合速率（ＣＰｎ）有明显的季节变化和日变化，随着季节的进展ＣＰｎ呈二次曲线型。ＣＰｎ的日变化呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在中午１２时左右。ＣＰｎ的峰值与旺盛生长季节相吻合。在本试验范围内单位土地面积的ＣＰｎ随ＬＡＩ的增加而增加，若以叶面积计算ＣＰｎ则随叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）的增加而降低。在田间试验条件下ＣＰｎ随光强和ＣＯ２浓度的增加而增加，在自然光下未测到生姜ＣＰｎ的光饱和点。     

1株猪源肠道益生菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从健康猪肠道中分离出1株对仔猪大肠杆菌病和副伤寒病病原有较强拮抗作用的菌株,命名为W-02,对其进行菌落形态、生理生化特性和16S rDNA系统发育分析,确定该菌株为凝结芽孢杆菌。对该菌株胃肠道耐受特性和安全性进行了研究,结果表明,W-02菌株在人工胃液、人工肠液、猪胆盐和80℃高温表现出很强的耐受能力,急性毒性试验结果表明该菌株为无毒菌株。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

近40年来托木尔峰南部地区气候及水文环境变化特征

西天山托木尔峰南部地区1987年以来出现了气候由暖干向暖湿转变趋势,在温度大幅上升的基础上,降水量和冰川融水量持续增加,相应的水文与生态环境也发生了显著的改善。本文在综合分析区域内水文、气象观测资料的基础上,对托木尔峰南部地区近40年来气温、降水以及径流量变化的基本趋势、不同海拔高度气温、降水变化差异,以及同一流域山区和平原区径流量变化的差异进行了深入分析。研究表明,受水汽输送途径和研究区地形地貌的影响,区域降水主要集中在托木尔峰南部山区;气候转型的原因是和北大西洋向东输送的水汽增加、西风气流加强有关;海拔2000m左右区域1987年以来气候向暖湿转化最为明显;近40年来由于气温升高,导致冰川消融补给河流量增加15%,但由于人类活动和粗放农业的发展,区域耗水量不断增加,导致塔里木河径流量不断减少,中下游生态环境急剧恶化。     

Effect of a short duration feed withdrawal followed by full feeding on marbling fat in beef carcasses

The effect of feed withdrawal for 48 h, prior to initiation of the finishing (fattening) period (75 d) on carcass marbling fat was studied in 120 European × British cross-bred heifers with an average weight of 585 ± 39 kg. Heifers were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment with two dietary management treatments, where half the heifers were provided the feed components of steam rolled barley and barley silage either free choice or as a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 87% steam rolled barley and 13% barley silage with ad libitum vitamins and minerals via salt blocks for all animals. Within each dietary management treatment, 30 heifers were denied feed (water was available) for 48 h prior to the two week adaptation to the high grain diet preceding the 75 d finishing period. At the end of the 48 h feed denial blood samples were collected from the jugular vein prior to feeding for determination of glucose and insulin concentrations, which indicated that 48 h feed withdrawal consistently decreased (P = 0.0001) plasma concentrations of both glucose and insulin but the ratios of the concentrations of glucose to insulin were not affected. At slaughter samples of subcutaneous fat from the brisket (BF) and skirt muscle (pars costalis diaphragmatis; PCD) were procured for determination of chemical fat content, fat dissected from the muscle and for enumeration of adipocytes, less than 35 μm in diameter and to determine the average cell size in the dissected fat and from the BF by flow-cytometry of adipocytes fixed in osmium tetroxide. The carcass characteristics were also obtained. Although no differences due feed withdrawal for 48 h were evident for carcass weight, percent lean (saleable) meat yield, rib eye area, average fat cover, fat content of PCD or BF, the US marbling score was increased (P = 0.048) and the amount of dissected fat from the muscle tended to be higher (P = 0.107), thus 81% of the carcasses graded “US Choice” or “Canada AAA,” or displayed at least a “small” amount of intramuscular fat as compared (P = 0.0807) to 68% of the heifers not denied feed. Based on more than three years of weekly prices of carcasses that graded “Canada AAA” and “Canada AA,” these experimental results suggested that the expected price of a finished heifer could increase by $4.61 Canadian if a 48 h feed withdrawal was imposed prior to initiation of the finishing phase. Although significant differences in adipocyte numbers due to a single time 48 h feed withdrawal prior to initiation of the finishing phase were not detected, the carcass quality factors were affected leading to an odds ratio of 1.84 times in favour of cattle carcasses to grade “Canada AAA” than if fed continuously.