Studies on Changes of the Relative Characteristics to the Special and Elite Cultivars of Mei Flower in Sun Yat sen Mausoleum

连续３ａ对‘晚碗宫粉’、‘多萼朱砂’、‘红须朱砂’、‘南京红须’、‘早宫粉’、‘淡妆宫粉’、‘复瓣早跳’、‘复瓣绿萼’８个特用优良品种定树观测结果表明,其花期相对集中在２月下旬,品种间开花速率的变化较大,变异系数为５２１５％～１２８８２％．枝的始花节位、花朵重、花瓣数、雌蕊数、雄蕊数变异较大,变异系数分别为４３６９％,１７８０％,４０８７％,４４６６％和２８５４％．不同品种间花径、平均节间长度变异较小,变异系数分别为７７２％和７７４％．花朵重主要决定于花瓣数,两者具极显著的相关回归．最后讨论了选育特用优良品种的指标及其途径     

Multiple paternity,reproductive skew and correlates of male reproductive success in a wild population of the Trinidadian guppy

Abstract – In most species, males have a higher reproductive potential than females, leading to skewed reproductive success, particularly in mating systems where pre‐ or postcopulatory sexual selection reinforces inequality in male mating success. We investigated multiple paternity, reproductive skew and correlates of male reproductive success in a wild population of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). We used nine microsatellite loci to assess the frequency of multiple paternity, number of sires per brood and reproductive skew. Across broods, the frequency of multiple paternity was high with 94% of broods having multiple sires (range: 1–5), resulting in a reproductive skew of 0.14. Variation in male reproductive success was high (range: 0–14 offspring per male), suggesting that there is considerable opportunity for sexual selection. Next, we examined correlations between male reproductive success and sexual coloration, sperm velocity and gonopodium length. Relative area of orange, black, iridescent and total coloration, and sperm velocity were not correlated with reproductive success. However, gonopodium length explained 14% of the variation in reproductive success, suggesting that gonopodium length is likely a sexually selected trait. We discuss these findings in the light of other studies that genetically dissect joint‐sex parentage and examine correlates of male reproductive success in wild populations.     

Effect of a size-based selection program on blood metabolites and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles fed different dietary carbohydrate levels

Blood metabolites in wild and seventh-generation cultivated shrimp were measured to determine how size-based selection could alter the nutritional and immunological conditions of Litopenaeus vannamei. Wild L. vannamei juveniles and a sample of seventh-generation cultured shrimp were acclimated under identical conditions. During 55 days, shrimp were fed a high (HCHO: 44%) or a low (LCHO: 3%) carbohydrate diet for 55 days. Wild shrimp showed a direct relation between dietary CHO and lactate, protein and hemocyte levels indicating that dietary CHO was used for protein synthesis via transamination pathways. In seventh-generation cultured shrimp these parameters were inversely proportional to dietary CHO level, indicating the capacity to synthesize protein from dietary CHO was repressed in cultured shrimp. Farmed shrimp showed a limited capacity to respond to LCHO diets demonstrating high protein dependence in their metabolism and immune response. These results demonstrate that during size-based breeding programs other metabolic process than CHO catabolism can be selected. The incapacity of shrimp to use dietary CHO could limit protein reduction of diets and limit the efforts of the shrimp industry to be ecologically and environmentally profitable.     

基于α-半乳糖苷酶基因为筛选标记的酿酒酵母诱导型表达载体的构建及应用

以α-半乳糖苷酶基因为筛选标记,构建GAL1诱导型启动子介导的酿酒酵母表达载体YGM-α-gal质粒,将枯草芽孢杆菌的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因克隆到此载体中,构建质粒YGMPA-α-gal,转化宿主酵母后,实现β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达.结果表明:在2%半乳糖诱导下,摇瓶发酵24h后分泌表达的β-葡聚糖酶活性达到411.9U爛mL-1,而在培养60h后,发酵液中α-半乳糖苷酶活性可达64.2U爛mL-1.说明α-半乳糖苷酶基因可用作酿酒酵母表达载体转化的有效筛选标记,为食品级酿酒酵母表达系统的构建提供了新选择.     

Linking habitat selection, emigration and population dynamics of freshwater fishes: a synthesis of ideas and approaches

Abstract –  The consequences of individual behaviour to dynamics of populations has been a critical question in fish ecology, but linking the two has proven difficult. A modification of Sale's habitat selection model provides a conceptual linkage for relating resource availability and individual habitat selection to exploratory behaviour, emigration and population-level responses. Whole-population experiments with pupfish Cyprinodon macularius that linked all factors along this resource to population continuum lend support to this conceptual model, and illustrate that emigration may be much more common in fish populations than considered in most individual- or population-based models. Accommodating emigration can enhance the ecological appropriateness of behavioural experiments and increase confidence in extrapolation of experimental observations to population-level effects. New experimental designs and advancing technologies offer avenues for assessing population consequences of habitat selection and emigration by individual fish. Emigration often is the key linkage between individual behaviour and population responses, and greater understanding of the underlying factors affecting this often-overlooked demographic parameter could offer new approaches for management and conservation of fishes.     

中国对虾抗病群体选育的初步研究

1998年自山东威海外海 1 2 3°E,3 7°N附近海域采捕中国对虾 2 3 0尾 ,经过生产规模的苗种培育繁殖下代。连续 3年从染病存活的对虾养殖池中选留亲虾。结果表明 ,经过选种的后代存活率一年比一年高 ,同一地区 1 3口养殖池的养殖效果也一年比一年好。室内白斑综合症病毒 (White SpotSyndrom Virus,WSSV)感染的实验结果表明 ,选育的第 3代表现出明显的抗病力 ,由此证实中国对虾抗病力具有遗传基础 ,进一步的选育有望培育出抗病毒的对虾新品种     

烟粉虱对3种寄主植物的田间和室内趋性

【目的】研究烟粉虱对3种寄主植物的田间和室内趋性,为采用“推-拉”技术防控烟粉虱提供参考。【方法】以棉花、苘麻和蓖麻为材料,采用田间调查方法,研究烟粉虱对棉花和苘麻趋性。于室内以罩笼选择法,测定该虫对以上3种寄主植物的选择性。【结果】2019年棉田烟粉虱成虫于8月中旬进入高峰期,若虫于8月下旬进入盛期。田埂苘麻8月中旬上、中、下3张叶片上成虫数量达到90.5头/株,田间棉花上达到30.9头/株,8月下旬苘麻上若虫量达到31.7头/株,棉花上有虫14.1头/株;棉田烟粉虱对苘麻有明显的趋性,苘麻上的烟粉虱虫量始终与棉花上存在显著差异,且在8月上中旬,近苘麻的棉花植株上烟粉虱有趋向苘麻的趋势,8月下旬后近苘麻的棉花上烟粉虱虫量也比远离苘麻的棉花上多;有60.6%的烟粉虱趋向于苘麻,棉花上只有27.0%,蓖麻上仅12.4%,苘麻与棉花、蓖麻上的烟粉虱虫量存在显著差异。【结论】苘麻对烟粉虱引诱效果最好。     

基于乡村振兴战略背景下的农业项目选择研究

实施乡村振兴战略是中央解决农业、农村和农民问题的战略决策,也是解决新时代中国社会主要矛盾的必然途径,产业兴旺是乡村振兴的重点,农业项目则是产业兴旺的有机组成部分,进行农业项目选择研究具有现实意义。本文回顾了国内外关于农业项目选择的研究和发展,提出农业项目选择应当考虑:正确价值取向原则、服务原则、政策符合原则、区域资源优势原则、科学技术原则。并对国家政策文件中的"农业项目"或者"项目"的关键词摘取汇表,推荐了当前具有较优选择价值的休闲农场、农村电商、民宿旅游、家庭农场等四种农业项目。     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗WSSV选育家系的建立及其抗病特性

2002-2007年在人工感染白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)的基础上进行一代个体选育（G1）后,对凡纳滨对虾连续进行了4代家系选育,共建立120个抗WSSV家系,感染实验结果表明：G2~G5选育家系对虾平均成活率分别为5.57%±9.83%, 8.66%±11.52%, 9.52%±8.84% 和 13.79%±12.86%;G2~ G5选育家系对虾平均成活率的变异系数分别为1.77、1.40、0.97和0.87。根据每个家系对虾的成活情况可分为敏感、中等抗性和高抗性家系,G2至G5敏感家系在各代选育家系中的比例逐年下降,分别占76.5%、55.2%、51.4%和33.3%,抗病成活率分别为0.44%±1.09%、0.78%±1.70%、2.27%±2.76%和2.44%±3.09%,感染WSSV后2~3 d出现1个急性死亡高峰;中等抗病家系在各代选育家系中的比例逐年上升,分别占0、20.7%、31.1%和38.5%,抗病成活率分别为0、9.08%±1.46%、10.7%±1.41%和11.36%±3.30%,感染WSSV后出现2个死亡高峰,第1死亡高峰值大于第2高峰;高抗家系在各代选育家系中的比例逐年上升（G4除外）,分别占23.5%、24.1%、17.1%和28.2%,抗病成活率分别为22.23%±5.21%、22.7%±12.30%、24.45%±6.56%和28.98%±8.09%,感染WSSV后出现2个死亡高峰,第1死亡高峰至小于第2高峰。经连续的定向选育,选育对虾抗病性状一代比一代强,表现出明显的抗病性能,特别是高抗对虾不仅死亡率低且其死亡高峰推迟2～3d,延缓了对虾WSSV暴发的时间,但是每代每尾对虾平均产卵量逐年下降（P<0.05）。     

微卫星分子标记指导镜鲤群体选育

本文用26个扩增效果好的微卫星分子标记分析了镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）养殖亲本群体的遗传结构,指导其群体选育。本研究共检测到153个等位基因,片段大小为108~400 bp,平均等位基因数（A）5.8846个,平均有效等位基因数（Ne）2.8625个,平均观察杂合度（Ho）0.5063,平均期望杂合度...