拱棚双插架覆膜一体机的设计与试验

为适应部分地区蔬菜水果拱棚种植模式,解决传统小拱棚手工搭建劳动强度大且效率低的问题,该研究设计了一款小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机,主要由自动进杆装置、双插架装置、覆膜装置及行进装置组成,设定插架间距与插架数量等工作参数,小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机实现自动进杆、双插架和覆膜一体化作业。以进杆成功率和进杆时间为衡量自动进杆作业指标,以拨轮半径、杆槽高度、顺杆板长度为试验因素,对进杆过程中的棚杆受力和运动状态进行分析和计算,确定试验因素的范围,并进行仿真试验确定最佳进杆装置结构参数。田间试验表明：小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机以最大速度1.2 km/h作业时,进杆成功率为94.1%,插架成功率为89.3%,拱棚覆膜率为100%,薄膜破损率为1.1%,平均插架间距为1 190 mm,平均插架宽度为1 050 mm,平均插架深度为200 mm,两侧插架深度平均偏差为30 mm,平均覆土厚度为80 m。小拱棚单列双插架覆膜一体机可实现小拱棚搭建的机械化和自动化作业,满足小拱棚插架覆膜要求。     

不同条件下覆膜对春小麦产量和水分利用的影响

通过大田实验研究了不同条件下覆膜对春小麦产量与水分利用效率的影响。覆膜处理均在播种后62d揭膜。由于底墒较差,覆膜后土壤干旱加剧,导致全生育期耗水量分配不合理,使前期增长的根系在中后期成为生长的冗余,进而影响水分利用效率和产量。     

覆盖对烟田土壤酶活性及烤烟叶片荧光特性的影响

通过对烤烟大田3种不同覆盖方式的覆盖效应比较表明:覆盖明显增强了土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,对脲酶活性有一定抑制作用;在烤烟生长前期,液膜覆盖处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照和地膜覆盖处理分别平均提高5.72%、23.19%,且覆盖处理间差异达0.05显著水平;覆盖处理的蔗糖酶较对照平均提高0.8%,但3个处理间差异均不显...     

秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦生长状况的影响

以小黑麦作为研究材料,通过设置5种不同的秸秆覆盖与镇压处理,在小黑麦的各个生长期对其进行生理指标的测定,研究秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦鲜重和干物质重、株高、次生根、叶片数的影响.试验结果表明:5种处理下小黑麦的生长状况呈现出了:A4＞ A3＞ A＞ A1＞ A5.而且A4处理下小黑麦的生长状况明显大于其他各组处理下小黑麦的...     

Qualitative tear film and conjunctival goblet cell assessment of cats with corneal sequestra

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's paired t-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction for Herpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia, and Mycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14+/-5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15+/-6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21+/-6.6; normal eyes 22+/-5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (+/-12) for the normal eyes (n=14) and 14 s (+/-13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n=11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR for Herpes felis virus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time.     

鲁南丘陵地区甘薯地膜覆盖效果试验

鲁南丘陵地区甘薯黑色地膜、透明地膜及不覆膜栽培效果显示:覆盖黑色地膜,鲜薯及薯干产量比对照分别增产19.98%和15.51%,大中薯率比对照高6.21个百分点,每公顷纯收入比不覆膜增收5 520.0元;覆盖透明地膜,鲜薯及薯干产量比对照分别增产19.51%和13.12%,大中薯率比对照高7.00个百分点,每公顷纯收入比不覆膜增收5 203.5元。     

参考蒸发蒸腾量测定仪器的研究与开发

分析了现有作物需水量测定方法与计算方法在我国应用于灌溉预报时的局限性。根据土壤的蒸发机制与植物的蒸腾机理,按照参考蒸发蒸腾量(ET0)的定义,利用生物膜技术,研制了1种参考蒸发蒸腾量的测定仪器。该仪器可较好地模拟土壤蒸发与植物蒸腾的自然物理过程,仪器的试验结果显示,仪器的水位变化可与ET0有着很好的线性关系,若以此计算作物需水量,能满足灌溉预报精度要求。仪器使用方便、维护简单、价格低廉,将有良好的商品化开发及广阔的市场应用前景。     

覆盖光降解地膜对土壤污染及棉花生育影响的研究

自１９８４年以来，对国内外３０种不同型号的可控制降解时间的光降解地膜，进行了棉花田间效应研究认为，光解膜在自然曝晒下在一定时间范围内能够自行降解，与普通地膜相比具有相同的土壤环境效应和相近的增产效果。降解产物对土壤的矿质元素含量无明显影响，也未发现有害物质产生。在棉田应用时，诱导期控制在６０天左右，此后，降解过程越短越好，最长不宜超过１２０天。     

纳米Al_2O_3改性水性木器漆耐磨性和硬度的研究

为提高水性聚丙烯酸酯木器漆的耐磨性和硬度,进行纳米Al2O3浆料的制备及其对水性木器漆改性的研究,探讨分析不同制备方法和Al2O3添加量对漆膜耐磨性和硬度的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、聚乙二醇和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为润湿剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定保护胶,在高速搅拌下制成的纳米Al2O3浆料,在透射电镜下观察发现纳米Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,具有良好的分散性;在不影响漆膜透明度的情况下,漆膜耐磨性和硬度随Al2O3添加量增加得到提高,添加量在1.5%时漆膜具有较好的耐磨性和硬度;纳米杂合工艺法的漆膜耐磨性和硬度优于后添加法制备的水性木器漆涂膜。     

不同渗灌覆膜方式对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响

为探讨小麦节水高产栽培技术,以济麦20和鲁麦21号为材料,在露天不封底瓷管和防雨棚封底瓷管两种栽培条件下,研究不同渗灌覆膜处理对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响.结果表明,渗灌和地膜覆盖均可显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,但提高幅度因品种和渗灌深度不同而异.在露天条件下,较之地表灌溉不覆膜,20 cm渗灌加地膜覆盖处理可使籽粒产量提高13.67%～11.18%、水分利用效率提高14.59%～12.08%;在防雨棚条件下,籽粒产量提高20.16%,水分利用效率提高22.57%,40 cm渗灌籽粒产量略高于20 cm渗灌,但差异不显著.露天栽培条件下不同处理平均水分利用效率高达2.6063 kg·m-3 ·m-2,而防雨棚条件下仅为1.3482 kg·m-3 ·m-2,相对提高93.31%,籽粒产量提高102.90%,生物产量提高77.41%,收获指数提高13.99%,而总耗水量仅增加22.48 mm.试验结果说明深层土壤水对产量和水分利用效率具有重要作用,在不同试验条件下的研究结果具有较大差异.