1～28日龄AA肉鸡VE需求参数的研究

试验采用单因子随机设计法,设4个不同的VE水平,每个水平3个重复。选取96只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,采用玉米—豆粕型基础饲粮,饲粮VE添加量分别为5、15、150及1 500 IU/kg。各处理间除VE水平不同外,其他营养及饲养管理条件均一致。试验期28 d,试验结束时,计算各组AA肉鸡的日采食量、日增重、料肉比、吞噬指数、免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体滴度。试验结果表明,当饲粮中的VE适当超量(150~1 500 IU/kg)供给时,可提高AA肉鸡新城疫抗体滴度、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数,但肉鸡生产性能下降。综合生产性能及免疫机能各项指标得出,1~28日龄AA肉鸡日粮中VE适宜添加水平为5 IU/kg。     

Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on immunity and carcass characteristics in quail

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of UV-B radiation on immunity and carcass characteristics in quail. Three hundred Korean quail at 3 d old were weighed and randomly allocated into 5 groups (i.e., 30 males and 30 females per group), including 1 control group and 4 experiment groups (UV-1, UV-2, UV-3, and UV-4). Quail were subjected to UV-B irradiation with different doses: 0 µW/cm² (control), 1.4 µW/cm² (UV-1), 2.8 µW/cm² (UV-2), 5.6 (UV-3), and 8.4 µW/cm² (UV-4) each day. At 38 d of age, 15 males and 15 females in each group were randomly selected to measure immune index concentrations and carcass characteristics. The mean serum IgG, IgA, and alexin C₄ concentrations of UV-1 quail were significantly improved, whereas UV-3 and UV-4 quail had better live weight and carcass characteristics. Taking into account immunity and carcass characteristics together, we conclude that the optimum dose of UV radiation for Korean quail is 1.4 µW/cm² each day. Moreover, female quail had better carcass characteristics than males in most indices of carcass characteristics.     

激光物位计在火力发电厂原煤仓料位检测中的应用

简述了超声波、雷达、射频导纳、重锤料位计等在火力发电厂煤仓料位检测使用中效果欠佳的原因;并通过对比介绍了激光物位计的技术特点及其在煤仓料位检测方面的优势。     

酵母培养物水溶物对丙二醛损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用

在培养液中加入不同浓度(4.94、9.89 μmol/L)的丙二醛(MDA)及酵母培养物水溶物,观察酵母培养物水溶物不同浓度(50、100、200 mg/L)、不同作用时间(3、6、9、12 h)下MDA损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞生长、形态及相关酶活力的变化,以研究酵母培养物水溶物对MDA损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用.结果表明:培养液中添加4.94或9.89μmol/LMDA均显著抑制了离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞生长(P＜0.05),致使贴壁细胞减少、细胞膜通透性增加,导致胞内酶漏出及细胞抗氧化酶活力降低.培养液中添加50、100、200 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物9h后可显著地促进细胞生长及提高细胞总蛋白含量(P＜0.05),改善细胞生长状态,其中以添加100 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物对4.94 μmol/L MDA损伤细胞的保护效果较好,其细胞生长状态能达到正常组水平.培养液中添加50、100、200酵母培养物水溶物能一定程度地降低培养液中MDA浓度,同时能降低MDA导致的细胞内酶漏出,提高MDA损伤的细胞抗氧化能力.由结果可知,对于4.94、9.89 μmol/L MDA对草鱼肠道黏膜细胞产生的损伤,培养液中添加50、100、200 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物12 h内对细胞均有保护作用,其中以添加100 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物对4.94 μmol/L MDA损伤细胞的保护作用最佳,使细胞生长状态接近正常组水平.酵母培养物水溶物可能通过增强细胞抗氧化能力途径起到对草鱼离体肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫抗体抽测报告

为了有效地防控高致病性猪繁殖和呼吸综合征(蓝耳病)的发生,北京市昌平区利用ELISA检测方法,对免疫后28d的生猪进行免疫抗体抽样监测,昌平区生猪养殖场户800余场(户),存栏生猪近10万头,北京昌平动物疾病预防控制中心在全区推广猪繁殖和呼吸综合征免疫程序,并进行免疫抗体监测,本报告对2010年和2011年至今的免疫检测情况进行了统计,2010年随机抽检114场/户次,检测生猪1502头次,平均免疫抗体阳性率82.56%;截至2011年5月,随机抽检免疫抗体43场/户次,检测生猪534头次,平均免疫抗体阳性率97.57%。     

新型绿色饲料添加剂——大豆异黄酮

本文综述了大豆异黄酮的主要成分、性状、理化指标、功能与主治、用法与用量等,及其在畜牧业生产中广阔的应用前景,也对其生产提取方法作了简述。     

Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity,serum zinc profile and IGF-1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones

The trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T₃, T₄, and IGF-1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.9 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (average particle size 74 nm). Twenty-four male goats were grouped into four groups as per their body weight and were supplemented with either a basal diet with concentrate and straw at 50:50 ratio (Negative control, NC) alone or supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn (Control) from inorganic Zn source, that is ZnO (IZn-50), 50 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-50) or 25 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-25). No change was observed in thyroid hormone status on zero and 90th day of experimental feeding, but NZn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) IGF-1 level on 90th day serum samples. Zn supplementation improved the humoral immunity in all the groups irrespective of the source. Similarly, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) measured by skinfold thickness after injecting Con-A, was also improved in Zn supplemented groups than control at 6, 12 and 48 h of incubation. NZn-50 animals showed highest HI (haemagglutination inhibition) titre as well as skin thickness. The (cluster of differentiation in %) was more (p < 0.05) in Zn supplemented groups. NZn-50 showed higher (p < 0.05) count than NC and similar (p > 0.05) to IZn-50 and NZn-25 groups without affecting (p > 0.05) the ratio of , among the treatment groups. Thus, NZn supplementation at 25 mg/kg had similar immunity and serum T₃, T₄ and IGF-1 profiles compared with IZn at 50 mg/kg dose.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of a purified nucleotide mixture on immune function and disease and stress resistance in channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

Juvenile channel catfish (14.4 g average initial weight) were fed diets supplemented with a purified nucleotide mixture for 8 weeks. The mixture consisted of five nucleotides supplied on an equal basis as disodium salts at combined concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.9% or 2.7% of diet. Addition of nucleotides to diet produced a dose‐dependent reduction in survival of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Although the reasons are unclear, the high levels of nucleotides supplemented in this study may have contributed to the decrease in disease resistance, and this decrease appeared to be unrelated to the innate immune (unaffected) and specific antibody (enhanced) responses. Stress resistance increased with a corresponding amelioration of the immunosuppressive effects of the stress response on non‐specific immunity (lysozyme and bactericidal activity) as nucleotides increased in diet. Use of exogenous nucleotides as a prophylactic treatment before culture‐related stress exposure may prove beneficial by decreasing the immunosuppressive effects of stress but not in prevention of ESC.     

异丙酚对失血性休克大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的观察异丙酚对失血性休克大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和异丙酚组,制作失血性休克模型,经股静脉回输等量林格氏液,异丙酚组加用异丙酚5 mg/kg。18 h后处死大鼠,鲎试＋验测定血浆内毒素含量,免疫组化法检测小肠黏膜固有层IgA细胞,TUNEL法检测小肠黏膜细胞凋亡。结果与对照组＋比较,异丙酚组血浆内毒素含量明显减少,小肠黏膜上皮细胞凋亡指数明显降低,而小肠黏膜固有层IgA细胞数显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论异丙酚可保护失血性休克对大鼠小肠道黏膜屏障功能的损伤,减轻内毒素血症。