5种皂甙对小鼠免疫功能的影响对比试验

测定了人参皂甙、黄芪皂甙、党参皂甙、三七皂甙、绞股蓝总皂甙对小鼠免疫器官指数、血清溶血素的影响。结果表明,人参皂甙、绞股蓝皂甙、三七皂甙能显著增加小鼠免疫器官指数,提高小鼠血清溶血素的含量,且三者之间无明显差异。不同科属的皂甙对小鼠免疫器官具有不同的刺激能力,这种刺激能力可以作为筛选提高动物免疫的绿色饲料添加剂的指标。     

葱乙醇提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

摘 要：【目的】本研究利用流式细胞术、DTH法和LDH法探讨葱乙醇提取物对小鼠特异性和非特异性免疫的影响,为调节动物免疫状态和改善机体防御能力提供试验依据。【方法】将昆明种小鼠随机分为环磷酰胺组（C）、环磷酰胺+葱乙醇提取物组（C+A）、葱乙醇提取物组（A）和生理盐水组（S）。环磷酰胺皮下注射造成小鼠免疫抑制;C+A 组和A组给小鼠葱乙醇提取物连续灌胃35 d;S组灌服等量生理盐水。观察测定临床症状、免疫器官指数、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能和非特异性免疫功能。【结果】结果显示,葱乙醇提取物可以提高免疫器官指数;对免疫抑制小鼠的左右耳重量差、CD4+/CD8+值、血清抗体和巨噬细胞吞噬活性都有促进作用,对正常小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和NK细胞活性有促进作用。【结论】结果表明,葱乙醇提取物对小鼠的特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能具有显著的调节作用。     

Bovine NK cells acquire cytotoxic activity and produce IFN-gamma after stimulation by Mycobacterium bovis BCG- or Babesia bovis-exposed splenic dendritic cells

Early interactions of innate immune cell populations, such as dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells, can affect the ability of the acquired immune response to control infection of intracellular microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the activation of bovine NK cells by CD13(+) splenic DC stimulated with either Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Babesia bovis merozoites. Splenic DC were used either immediately after selection (cytokine(-)) or after exposure to GM-CSF, IL-4 and Flt3L for 72 h (cytokine(+)). Phenotypic analyses showed up-regulation of MHCII, CD80 and CD86 on cytokine(+) DC when compared to cytokine(-) DC. Purified NK cells (CD335(+)CD3(-)CD2(+/-)CD8alpha(+/-)) were co-cultured with microbial-exposed cytokine(-) DC or cytokine(+) DC in either transwell or cell-to-cell format and NK cell IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity were assessed. NK cell IFN-gamma production was dependent on cell-to-cell contact. Microbial-stimulated cytokine(+) DC induced significantly more IFN-gamma production from NK cells than cytokine(-) cells. In contrast, cytotoxicity and perforin up-regulation were more pronounced in NK cells cultured with cytokine(-) DC than cytokine(+) DC. Therefore, activation of bovine NK cells by microbial-stimulated CD13(+) splenic DC is influenced by the maturation state of the DC suggesting different roles for the splenic DC during disease-induced maturation.     

武定鸡红细胞免疫功能研究及其意义

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和免疫复合物花环（ＩＣＲ）试验,证实武定鸡红细胞表面存在补体Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｃｃｃｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｃｄｃｃｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物。武定鸡的ＲＣＩＳ有其独特之处,文中对武定鸡红细胞Ｃ３ｂＲＲ和ＩＣＲ分别代表红细胞表面Ｃ３ｂ“空位”和“占位”状态的含义做出了新的解释。     

鸡球虫疫苗不同免疫途径保护效果的试验

用人工感染的方法进行了鸡球虫B-2型疫苗不同免疫途径保护效果的试验。分别通过饮水、拌料、口服3种不同方法免疫,结果显示保护效果不同。其中口服免疫组效果满意,可在生产中大力推广。     

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.     

温度胁迫下罗非鱼（ＧＩＦＴ Ｏｒｅｏｃｈｒｏｍｉｓ ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ）机体免疫力的变化及其对海豚链球菌易感性的影响

为了揭示温度这一重要环境因子与罗非鱼免疫力及对海豚链球菌的易感性之间的关系,分别进行了不同温度下罗非鱼感染海豚链球菌的死亡率试验和不同温度对罗非鱼非特异免疫相关酶(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD;溶菌酶;碱性磷酸酶,AKP以及补体C3)活性影响的试验。试验结果表明,罗非鱼感染海豚链球菌的死亡率与水温的变化呈现明显的正相关;特别是在高温条件下,罗非鱼免疫力受到了明显的抑制,具体表现为SOD活性呈现先诱导后抑制的趋势,AKP活性在12h较28℃时显著上升(P<0.05),血清溶菌酶活性则受到抑制作用,而补体C3活性在12h和24h与对照组相比显著升高了10.99%和13.40%(P<0.05)。试验结果显示高温能够引起罗非鱼免疫力低下,使鱼体对病原菌易感性增强,致使罗非鱼因感染海豚链球菌造成的死亡率显著升高,为研究罗非鱼海豚链球菌病爆发的环境机制提供了相关资料。     

酸化饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响

 通过在饮水中添加不同量的复合酸,研究不同pH饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响。40只体重相近的35日龄美系白色断奶獭兔按公母各半随机分为4组,每组10只,A组为对照组,饮用自来水;B组饮水中添加0.55%复合酸,pH 5.0;C组饮水中添加0.85%复合酸,pH 4.3;D组饮水中添加3.3%复合酸,饮水pH 3.6。结果表明,与对照组相比,pH 4.3饮水能显著增加脾脏重和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;酸化饮水能提高断奶獭兔其他内脏器官重,改善内脏器官指数,但和对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。酸化饮水可以改善断奶獭兔肠道形态,增加绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度,饮水酸度pH 4.3时可显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,并降低空肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;饮水酸度pH 3.6时可显著降低回肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;酸化饮水对空肠、回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和肠壁厚度也有一定改善,以pH 4.3饮水酸度改善最好,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果显示,酸化饮水可以在一定程度上改善断奶獭兔内脏器官发育和肠道形态,其中以pH 4.3改善效果最好。     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

梅花鹿茸胶囊增强免疫力功能的研究

目的观察梅花鹿茸胶囊对免疫功能的影响。方法1.MTT法（刀豆素A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验）。2.耳肿胀法（二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应）。3.Jerne改良玻片法（抗体生成细胞检测）。4.血凝法（血清溶血素测定）。5.小鼠碳廓清试验。6.半体内法（小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验）。7.乳酸脱氢酶测定法（NK细胞活性测定）。结果梅花鹿茸胶囊对试验动物产生如下作用：1.增强小鼠细胞免疫功能。2.增强小鼠体液免疫功能。