Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.     

枣AP2/ERF转录因子鉴定及其响应枣疯病植原体表达分析

利用生物信息学方法,从植物转录因子数据库和NCBI数据库中分别得到175和164个候选的枣AP2/ERF转录因子序列,使用DNAMAN软件进行序列比对、去除重复序列,采用SMART软件预测蛋白结构域发现,枣基因组中包含有145个AP2/ERF基因,其中ERF、AP2、RAV亚家族分别含有116个、23个、5个,另有1个独立基因。预测枣AP2/ERF转录因子氨基酸数量在111～692之间,分子量在12 446.87～76 154.10之间,pI在4.31～10.11之间。鉴定出的145个AP2/ERF转录因子,105个分别定位到12条染色体上,40个未能定位。在此基础上,利用嫁接病芽方法将枣疯病植原体转至健康枣植株,通过转录组测序和qRT-PCR手段,分析了AP2/ERF转录因子对枣植原体侵染的响应,在植原体侵染枣的6个不同时期,枣AP2/ERF表达数量和表达量均不相同,共有48个差异表达基因,其中ZjAP2*9、ZjERF49和ZjERF91是响应枣疯病植原体最为重要的AP2/ERF转录因子。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除葡萄中VviEDR2提高对白粉病的抗性

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑葡萄白粉病感病基因VviEDR2(Enhanced disease resistance2),在VviEDR2的DUF1336结构域设计靶位点VviEDR2-T1,构建CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化‘无核白’葡萄胚性愈伤组织。对PCR阳性植株进行靶位点扩增测序,结果表明,共有8个转基因植株在靶位点处发生不同类型的双等位基因突变,编辑效率为32%;突变体植株生长势较弱,叶片较小,茎秆丛生、细弱。进一步对突变体植株进行抗病检测,结果表明,接种葡萄白粉菌(Erysiphe necator Schw.)5d后,突变体植株叶片上白粉菌孢子仅能萌发出少量较短初级菌丝,表皮细胞产生大量明显的H2O2,而野生型叶片中白粉菌萌发出大量初级菌丝、次级菌丝和吸器,无明显H2O2产生。这些结果表明,可以利用CRISPR/Cas9技术编辑葡萄感病基因VviEDR2,提高葡萄白粉菌抗性。     

大鲵幼体蛋白质的需求量

为评定大鲵幼体对饲料蛋白质的需求量,以鱼粉为主要蛋白源配制6种蛋白质水平(干样基础)的实验饲料:D1(43.7%)、D2(47.1%)、D3(51.3%)、D4(55.7%)、D5(59.9%)和D6(64.4%),饲喂初始体质量为(20.99±0.15) g的大鲵幼体92 d。结果显示,①饲料蛋白质水平对大鲵增重率有显著影响,在D4组达到最大值,较D1组增加了276.4%,且全鲵蛋白质沉积率和肌肉RNA、RNA/DNA值、胃蛋白酶、H⁺-K⁺-ATPase、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均在D4组达到最佳,而肝脏和肠道丙二醛(MDA)在该组均达到最低;②随饲料蛋白质水平增加,肌肉粗蛋白线性增加,全鲵脂肪线性下降,全鲵水分和粗灰分在各组间差异不显著,全鲵粗蛋白先增加后趋于稳定,在D4组达到最大;③大鲵皮肤胶原蛋白含量在D4组达到最高,较D1组增加了27.83%。研究表明,以增重率、肌肉RNA/DNA值、蛋白质沉积率和皮肤胶原蛋白含量为评价指标,通过二次回归...     

日粮不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊血液参数的影响

为研究不同NFC/NDF比日粮对奶山羊血液参数的影响,选用3只(30～35 kg)安装有瘤胃瘘管的关中奶山羊,采用自身对照试验法,饲喂非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维比(NFC/NDF)分别为1.02(Ⅰ组)、1.24(Ⅱ组)、1.63(Ⅲ组)、2.58(Ⅳ组)的4种日粮.结果表明:血液的pH、碳酸氢根(HCO-3)含量、碱剩余(BE)、标准碳酸氢盐(SBC)均以Ⅳ组最低,饲喂后6 h显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P＜0.05);二氧化碳分压以Ⅳ组最高,各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);随日粮NFC/NDF水平增加,血清K 呈降低趋势(P＞0.05),Ca2 、Cl-含量变化不明显,Na 、阴离子间隙呈上升趋势(P＞0.05),均处于正常变动范围内;在本试验条件下,亚急性瘤胃酸中毒未显著影响血液的酸碱平衡.     

玉米粉中伏马毒素FB1基体标准物质的评价

为填补我国在伏马毒素基体标准物质的空白,本试验研制了以玉米粉为基体的伏马毒素FB1标准物质,玉米样品经过筛、加标、冷冻干燥、磨粉、混匀、密封分装后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法检验样品的均匀性、稳定性,幵联合多家实验室对玉米粉中伏马毒素FB1含量定值,同时分析样品的不确定度。样品均匀性经斱差分析法表明F值为1.42,小于临界值F_0.05,且伏马毒素FB1含量在觃定时间6个月内无明显变化。结果表明,均匀性与稳定性均符合标准物质的要求。样品定值为1475.56μg kg^–1,不确定度为169.98μg kg^–1。该标准物质可替代进口标准物质,用于伏马毒素检测过程中的仪器校准、实验室质量控制和操作人员的水平考核等。     

秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤活性碳氮动态变化的影响

【目的】土壤微生物量碳氮和水溶性有机碳氮是土壤中最活跃的碳氮组分,是衡量土壤碳氮周转与养分有效性的重要指标。探讨秸秆配施氮肥、氮肥用量及基追比例对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮、水溶性有机碳氮、易氧化有机碳和速效氮的影响,明确秸秆还田条件下水稻生长季不同氮肥用量与基追比的土壤活性碳氮变化特征,为稻麦轮作区秸秆还田的氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】2012—2015年在湖北省荆门市田间试验中设置施氮量、秸秆配施氮肥和施氮时期3个大田试验。施氮量:不施氮(N0),推荐施氮(165 kg·hm-2,N165),习惯施氮(195 kg·hm-2,N195);秸秆配施氮肥:秸秆移除(CK),秸秆还田(移栽前将上季小麦秸秆全部还田,S),秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量+腐解菌剂(SM);施氮时期:基施﹕拔节期﹕抽穗期氮肥施用比例为7﹕3﹕0(R1),5﹕3﹕2(R2),10﹕0﹕0(R3)。【结果】秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN)显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量,但是其成熟期水溶性有机碳含量(DOC)显著降低。秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF)显著提高...     

番茄ShARPC5抗白粉病功能分析

【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5(actin-related protein C5)进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777(Solanum habrochaites)cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)比较接种白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz)后高感品种Moneymaker(MM)和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induc...     

CRISPR/Cas9技术在动物非编码RNA功能研究中的应用

CRISPR/Cas9系统是一种广泛存在于细菌和古菌中的免疫机制。近年来,已发展为一种快捷高效的基因编辑工具,用于研究编码或非编码RNA的功能。非编码RNA是一类不编码蛋白质的RNA,其可通过多种调控途径在动物的生长发育、疾病免疫等生理或病理过程中发挥重要的生物学功能。CRISPR/Cas9技术可以靶向核酸序列稳定敲除基因,得到敲除小鼠或细胞系,虽然其在非编码RNA功能研究中的使用干扰了邻近基因或宿主基因表达,但该技术的出现为非编码RNA功能机制的探索提供了不同的途径。本文通过简要概述CRISPR/Cas系统的发展和作用原理,并重点介绍CRISPR/Cas9技术在动物miRNA、lncRNA及circRNA功能研究中的应用,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.