胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株的分离鉴定

本试验对由患慢性奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离出的1株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株(SCVs)进行形态观察、金黄色葡萄球菌相关保守基因片段(nuc、nucA、16S rDNA) 多重PCR扩增鉴定、药敏试验、生理生化特性研究及补偿试验。结果显示分离出1株金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,该菌含有金黄色葡萄球菌菌种特异性基因nuc和nucA;与金黄色葡萄球菌质控菌株ATCC 25923的抑菌圈大小明显不同;菌落形态主要表现为菌落细小、生长缓慢、溶血能力下降;凝固酶活性下降;耐盐能力降低;革兰氏染色为革兰氏阳性球菌,呈葡萄状排列;补偿试验鉴定该金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs为胸腺嘧啶依赖型。结果表明成功分离鉴定出1株胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,为由金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs引起的奶牛慢性乳房炎的预防和控制及其致病机制的研究奠定前期基础。     

Isolation,Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Important Functional Genes of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus LC Strain

To find out the reason of the reproductive failure in pregnant sows in a hoggery in Guangdong, the mixture with brain, lymph nodes and lungs of farm abortion stillbirth were identified by PCR, virus isolation and culture, tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀) assay, homology and phylogenetic analysis of the important functional genes (gB, gC, gD and gE) and animal test. The results showed that the mixture was proved to be porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) positive samples. The typical cytopathogenic effect was induced in the third passage of Vero cell and the titer of the fifth passage was 10^-6.8/0.1 mL. The sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship of gB, gC, gD and gE genes showed that it was a Chinese PRV variant, which was named as LC strain. The typical pseudorabies clinical and pathological symptoms were presented in 12-week-old piglets inoculated with LC strain. The results demonstrated that a local pseudorabies virus had been isolated, suggesting that the Bartha-K61 vaccine was not fully effective for controlling the current epidemic of pseudorabies in China.     

1株利用乳酸的猪源丁酸梭菌的分离鉴定及基因组序列分析

【目的】 研究1株利用乳酸的猪源丁酸梭菌的基因组信息。【方法】 采用厌氧培养法, 通过乳酸分解培养基(LADM)初筛、梭菌增殖培养基(RCM)复筛, 从饲喂乳酸菌发酵饲料的健康仔猪肠道内容物中分离利用乳酸快、丁酸转化率高的菌株, 对所筛选的菌株进行形态鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析、乳酸转化特性试验、基因组重测序和框架图测序, 并对其编码蛋白进行功能注释。【结果】 分离得到1株分离菌LY33, 基于形态和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为丁酸梭菌。菌株LY33对乳酸具有较好的利用能力, 在生长第6天可将66 mmol的乳酸基本转化完全, 生成17 mmol左右的丁酸。LY33菌株的重测序表明, 其编码基因整体变异较小, 与参考基因组相比, LY33菌株全基因组杂合比率为0.022‰, 单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点变异总数21 590个(占整个基因组0.4666%), 插入缺失(InDel)突变总和594个(占0.0128%), 不存在拷贝数变异(CNV), 结构变异(SV)注释的变异总数103个(占0.0003%)。突变基因主要为与菌株生长、能量代谢调节、维生素合成(特别是生物素)有关的基因, 分布于2条染色体的多条序列上。LY33菌株框架图测序及其编码基因蛋白的功能注释表明, 其基因组序列长度4 627 127 bp, GC含量28.60%, 含有4 171个基因, 编码区总长度占比84.12%, 参与了糖代谢(carbohydrate metabolism)、膜转运(membrane transport)和氨基酸代谢(amino acid metabolism)等多种代谢途径转化过程, 基因组中抗大环内酯类药物、抗杆菌肽、VanI糖肽抗性基因个数较多。【结论】 本研究从饲喂4%乳酸菌发酵饲料的健康仔猪肠道内容物中分离到1株利用乳酸快、丁酸转化率高的LY33菌株, 经鉴定为丁酸梭菌, 其具有良好的应用前景, 可作为一种新的微生物资源用于微生态制剂产品。     

一株新城疫病毒弱毒株的分离鉴定

于１９９６年８月从长春地区－－养鸡场分离到一株新城疫病毒,该毒株经过鸡胚传代培养,病毒形态学观察,血凝谱测定、鸡胚平均致死时间试验、鸡脑内致病指数试验、脉致病指数试验及１入毒试验等生物学特性结果表明该新城商株为弱毒株。     

基于反相高效液相色谱技术测定市售羊乳粉中蛋白

为鉴别及检测不同地区市售羊乳粉的品质,基于反相高效液相色谱(reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)技术,将35种市售羊乳粉根据陕西地区和非陕西地区、纯羊乳粉和配方羊乳粉进行分类与检测,研究不同产地、不同种类羊乳粉的差异,对羊乳粉品质进行分析判别。结果表明：对市售羊乳粉乳蛋白进行RP-HPLC测定发现,配方羊乳粉α_s2-酪蛋白(α_s2-casein,α_s2-CN)和β-CN相对含量分别低于纯羊乳粉20%和24%,κ-CN和乳清蛋白相对含量分别高于纯羊乳粉30%和50%;不同地区纯羊乳粉乳蛋白组成及含量相似。因此,通过RP-HPLC可以实现对市售羊乳粉中乳蛋白的测定和质量评价。     

Development and Application of a GeXP-multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Seven Foodborne Pathogenic Bacterias

This experiment was developed to simultaneously detect the seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias include E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, V. cholera, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, V. Parahemolyticus and S. aureus. Seven pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conserved sequences of the genes from each pathogen available in the GenBank database. Single and mixed pathogen DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Control group was set up, recombinant plasmids were constructed, and samples of different DNA concentrations were randomly combined to verify the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and anti-interference of the established GeXP method. To certify the accuracy and reliability of the GeXP assay, it was evaluated using 120 clinical specimens that were compared with the single PCR. The obtained results showed that the corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified by the single and the multiplex GeXP PCR assay. The detection limit of GeXP was 10³ copies·μL^-1 when all of seven bacterial pathogens were detected. The results of the interference assay showed the presence of specific amplification peaks when different templates. The detection rate of the GeXP multiplex PCR method was 2.50% (3/120)-15.83% (19/120) while the conventional PCR was 2.50% (3/120)-15.00% (18/120), and GeXP multiple PCR detected 8 more positive cases, which means that, the GeXP was more sensitive and accurate in the detection of the clinical samples. In conclusion, this GeXP-based multiplex PCR is a high-throughput, specific and sensitive test to detect seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias. This assay provides a method in rapid molecular diagnosis for mix clinical seven common foodborne pathogenic bacterias.     

珍珠鸡源IBDV的分离鉴定及其卵黄抗体的制备

从一群发病的珍珠鸡中分离到1株病毒,经鸡胚接种、琼脂扩散试验、PCR快速检测试验和病毒基因序列的测定,证实了所分离的病毒为IBDV。将该病毒制成灭活疫苗,接种开产的蛋鸡制备卵黄抗体。结果显示该卵黄抗体经免疫扩散试验测定抗体效价可达1∶256,符合无菌标准,对雏鸡也没有任何不良反应。临床试验表明:该卵黄抗体对该养殖场珍珠鸡的传染性法氏囊病的治疗有效率达91%、预防有效率达100%。     

半滑舌鳎源美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种的分离鉴定

2016年5月河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县某海水养殖基地半滑舌鳎突发大批死亡,为了确定引起死亡的病原菌,无菌采集心血进行病原菌分离鉴定,16S rDNA基因序列分析与GenBank中公布的美人鱼发光杆菌参考株序列同源性为99.6%,被鉴定为美人鱼发光杆菌;进一步通过生化特性分析,被确认为美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种。动物回归试验结果表明,其对舌鳎鱼具有很强的致病性,其LD_(50)为3.1×10~4CFU/mL,且对哺乳动物具有致病性。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星,乙酰甲喹高度敏感;对多西环素、阿米卡星中敏感;对庆大霉素、头孢曲松、替米考星等不敏感。     

Isolation,Identification and Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida from Fowl Cholera

In order to determine the suspected avian cholera pathogen and geneotypes, bacteria isolation technology was used to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria, the isolated bacteria were identified by traditional methods and molecular biological methods. Geneotyping of the isolated bacteria were determined using PCR technology and gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria had typical culture characteristics of Pasteurella multocida (Pm),and the morphology of the colony, the characteristics of cell staining, the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consist with Pm; 457 bp fragment was amplified by PCR. Geneotyping results showed that only A primer amplified the target gene fragment of 1 050 bp, sequence analysis also showed that the isolated bacteria shared 97.6% to 100.0% sequence homology with reference strains, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated bacteria and A type Pm were in a branch.The experimental results indicated that the isolated bacteria was identified as capsular serotype A of Pm, the results provided reference for the prevention and control of fowl cholera.     

遮阴对成坪期草地早熟禾和紫羊茅生长特性的影响

以冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的优异(Merit)、新哥来德(Nu Glade)、肯塔基(K.B.G)3个品种和紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)的两个品种宝瑞(Boreal)、梦神(rubra),共5个品种草坪草为研究对象,在人工遮阴控制下,对其成坪期耐阴性进行了比较。试验设置的遮阴处理分别是遮阴度22%、45%、66%、83%,以不遮阴的全光照为对照(CK)。结果表明,成坪期,随着遮阴度的提高,株高先增加后降低,各品种株高值达到最高时的遮阴度有差异,草地早熟禾在遮阴度为83%时均显著低于其他处理(P0.05);宝瑞在遮阴度为22%时根长极显著高于对照(P0.01),其他品种随着遮阴度的提高根长变短;遮阴使各品种的比叶重降低;遮阴度45%以上时,叶宽都显著小于对照(P0.05);随着遮阴度提高草地早熟禾枝条干重下降,紫羊茅先增加后降低。