猫尾草的价值与栽培技术

文章介绍了猫尾草的形态特征及其实用价值,并总结了其栽培管理技术.     

内蒙古西伯利亚杏核仁表型变异及优株选择

[目的]以西伯利亚杏优良单株为选择目标,结合地理生态因子对核仁表型和成分性状的变异规律进行研究,明确内蒙古西伯利亚杏核仁形态及成分的变异特点和地理变异规律,并在此基础上进行不同类型优良单株的选择。[方法]结合单株产量高、生长势好等指标,对来自内蒙古地区的10个西伯利亚杏种源中筛选出的217个单株的核纵径、核横径、核侧径、核壳厚、核形指数、核干质量、仁纵径、仁横径、仁侧径、仁形指数、仁干质量、出仁率、产仁量、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、苦杏仁苷等16个形态及成分性状进行方差分析、多重比较、相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析,筛选不同类型的优良单株。[结果]表明:(1)西伯利亚杏各性状存在较大变异,变异范围为8.94%68.27%,核形态的变异系数(16.87%)大于仁成分(14.61%)和仁形态(14.14%),质量和成分性状的变异程度高于大小和形状指数。(2)产仁量、仁干质量、出仁率、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、苦杏仁苷等主要经济性状在种源间差异极显著,将种源分为5类,第Ⅰ类群产仁量高、仁大;第Ⅱ类群出仁率高,粗蛋白含量高;第Ⅲ类群粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高;第Ⅳ类群各项指标都较低;第Ⅴ类群产仁量高、粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高。(3)核、仁性状之间存在广泛的相关性,且产仁量、苦杏仁苷、粗脂肪分别与纬度、经度、年平均气温密切相关。(4)前6个主成分贡献率达到80.716%,按5%入选率分别筛选出9种类型的优良单株各11株,各类型优株主成分得分值的现实增益为146.12%199.22%,具有显著的优异性。[结论]内蒙古西伯利亚杏在广泛且多样的地理环境中形成了丰富的核仁表型和成分的变异,且不同种源以及不同个体间存在极显著差异;利用主要经济性状对种源进行了聚类分析,得到5个具有不同经济特征的育种类群;主要经济性状与表型以及地理环境因素密切相关。     

桉树枝瘿姬小蜂国外研究现状

桉树枝瘿姬小蜂Leptocybe invasa Fisher La Salle是近年来新发现的1种有害生物,在多种桉树的叶脉、叶柄及新生枝上形成典型的瘤状虫瘿。该蜂已在世界很多桉树种植区出现并造成危害。文章综述了桉树枝瘿姬小蜂在国外的研究现状,以便更清楚的了解该蜂,为国内的研究提供参考,期望找到合适的防治策略。     

软木细胞壁结构及其主要化学成分研究进展

介绍了软木细胞的形态特征,综述了国内外学者在软木细胞壁结构及化学组成方面的研究进展。软木细胞壁具有明显的层次结构,褶皱是软木细胞壁的一个主要特征,胞间连丝是跨越细胞壁之间透镜状通道。软木细胞壁主要化学成分有软木脂、木质素、多糖、抽提物和灰分,归纳总结了不同学者对各成分的测定结果以及各成分中单体的提取制备、分析鉴定结果,并提出软木细胞壁今后的研究方向。     

退耕还林间作万寿菊的高产栽培技术

本文介绍了万寿菊的形态特征及生物学特性,根据形态特征及生物学特性,探索了万寿菊的育苗技术和栽培技术以及田间管理的方法。     

果梢斑螟生物学特性的研究

果梢斑螟(Dioryctria pryeriRagonot)是蛀食类害虫,以幼虫危害红松当年生球果和先年生球果及嫩梢。在吉林省抚松县露水河林业局该虫1 a发生1代,以3~4龄幼虫在球果内、果痕处及嫩梢内越冬。翌年5月开始活动危害,5月末至6月下旬为蛹期。6月中旬始现成虫羽化,终见于7月上旬。6月中旬至7月上旬为卵期,6月末至7月中旬幼虫孵化,部分幼虫在球果采摘前转移至果痕附近、嫩梢、当年生球果内继续危害,于9月下旬进入越冬状态。     

Testing species of genus Abies for Christmas tree production in Norway

Ten exotic Abies species were tested in two field trials, where the aim was to find suitable species and provenances for Christmas tree production in coastal and fjord areas in Norway. The material included 14 provenances of Abies nordmanniana, 3 provenances of Abies bornmuelleriana, 3 provenances of Abies koreana, 2 provenances of Abies amabilis, and 1 provenance each of Abies equi-trojani, Abies alba, Abies procera, Abies homolepis, Abies nephrolepis, and Abies forrestii. Field trials were established at Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane County and at Verdal in Nord-Trøndelag County. Christmas tree classification was done seven and eight growing seasons after establishment. The Christmas tree yield was higher in Gulen (64%) than in Verdal (45%), which is situated further north. Also, the survival and the height growth were higher in Gulen than in Verdal. A more humid climate and a longer growth season in Gulen may explain some of the differences. Of the 10 species, A. nordmanniana, A. homolepis, and A. bornmuelleriana produced the highest Christmas tree yield at Gulen, while A. homolepis and A. koreana had the highest yield at Verdal. Due to early bud burst, A. equi-trojani and A. bornmuelleriana are only suited for Christmas tree growing in the best climatic areas.     

吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区天牛昆虫的数值分类研究

以吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区12种常见的天牛为对象,测量其10种形态学指标,利用SPSS软件得到聚类树形图,从而对其亲缘关系进行分析,结果表明:1~3号为花天牛亚科;4~9号为沟胫天牛亚科;10、11号为天牛亚科;12号为锯天牛亚科,与传统的形态分类结果一致。     

甘肃木兰科植物种质资源调查及应用研究

通过查阅资料、野外实地调查和采集标本鉴定相结合的方法,对甘肃木兰科植物资源进行调查。结果表明,甘肃共有木兰科植物2属10种,其中木兰属8种1亚种,鹅掌楸属1种。分析了甘肃木兰科植物资源的地理分布,分种进行了形态特征描述,编制了分种检索表,并对其在园林绿化中的应用和开发前景进行了探讨。     

Genetic diversity of Cucurbita maxima assessed using morphological characteristics and random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers in China

Cucurbita maxima is one of the most widely cultivated Cucurbitaceae in Heilongjiang province, China. The objectives of this study were to clarify the genetic diversity of 44 accessions from different geographical origins using morphological and molecular characteristics and to compare the consistency of these morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics showed a large qualitative variability primarily according to fruit-related traits. Twenty-eight random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced 128 bands. Both morphological characteristics and RAPD markers grouped 44 accessions of C. maxima into four clusters, and the similarity coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.91 and from 0.40 to 0.98, respectively. DNA polymorphisms were highly consistent with phenotypic traits on rootstock C. maxima. The relationships between C. maxima from different origins were not clearly defined via morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis, suggesting some traits of C. maxima were specific to geographical location had disappeared or were weak in Heilongjiang province, which would not facilitate pumpkin breeding. Hybrid generations and their parent plants or sister lines were grouped into sub-clusters and showed little genetic distance according to both evaluation methods. Overall, morphological characteristics and RAPD markers were consistent and revealed high genetic diversity between C. maxima landraces from different origins.