Growth and economic analysis of freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), produced with feeds substituting sunflower cake for fish meal,soya bean meal and mustard oil cake

A feeding trial with Macrobrachium rosenbergii was carried out to test the effectiveness of sunflower cake (SFC) as a replacement for conventional protein sources. Four isonitrogenous (~30% crude protein) and isocaloric (388–402 kcal) diets were formulated. Diet‐1 was a control made with conventional ingredients including fish meal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake. Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐4 were made with 30%, 40% and 50% SFC, respectively, replacing the usual protein sources used in Diet‐1. After 100 days, diets with SFC inclusion showed favourable growth and economic performance trends compared to control diet‐1, but without significant differences (p > .05). Better production (572.89 ± 62.99 kg/ha) was observed with Diet‐4 followed by Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐1. Diet‐4 revealed the best feed conversion ratio (2.56 ± 0.24), specific growth rate (1.18 ± 0.05) and protein efficiency ratio (1.14 ± 0.10) among these diets. Whole carcass composition analysis revealed highest crude protein (18.19%) and lipid (4.43%) content in prawns fed Diet‐3 followed by Diet‐4. Highest total income, gross margin and benefit cost ratio (BCR) per hectare from prawns were US$5,759, US$2,623 and 1.84, respectively, found in Diet‐4. This study demonstrates that 30%–50% inclusion of SFC has favourable impacts on productivity and profitability compared with controls, with 50% SFC inclusion as the most cost‐effective diet for prawns without apparent compromise in growth, flesh quality or economics. The performances of the diets suggest that SFC may be a suitable substitute for fishmeal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake in prawn feed. The effectiveness of higher SFC concentrations should also be investigated.     

红枣枣泥蛋糕加工工艺研究

采用正交试验的方法,对红枣枣泥蛋糕的配方和生产工艺进行研究。试验结果表明：红枣枣泥蛋糕的最佳工艺参数为上火温度160℃、下火温度190℃、时间19min;最佳配方为枣泥150g、面粉350g、泡打粉8g、白砂糖180g、水150mL。     

D-最优混料法优化木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕配方

为探究木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕的最优配方,以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验,筛选牛肝菌粉、木糖醇、牛奶及蛋糕表面核桃颗粒的最适添加量;使用D-最优混料法优化牛肝菌粉、木糖醇、牛奶的最佳配比。结果表明,蛋糕最优配方为：牛肝菌粉3.94 g,木糖醇15.55 g,牛奶16.01 g,蛋清70 g,蛋黄35 g,低筋面粉12 g,玉米淀粉6 g,食用油13 g,蛋糕表面添加核桃颗粒0.3 g。蛋糕烘烤条件为：上下火均为130 ℃,时间30 min。使用该配方和工艺制作的木糖醇牛肝菌核桃戚风蛋糕菌香浓郁、松软可口,为适合各年龄段人群食用的休闲食品。     

以豆饼为原料酶解制备大豆多肽分散条件的研究

以功能性大豆多肽饮料的研制为目标,探讨了以豆饼为原料酶解制备大豆多肽过程中的酶解条件。在80℃下分散10min,选用Protease M“Amano”G酶,在50℃下水解8h,经过对pH值和豆饼的分散浓度进行优选,确定了在pH值为8、分散浓度为15％的条件下,水解程度达到65．21％又不产生苦味,制备的饮料具有良好的口感和风味。     

Effect of neem cake on persistence of diazinon and endosulfan in paddy soil

Experiments were carried out to study the influence of two types of neem cake (solvent-extracted, NC-I and expeller-extracted, NC-II) on the persistence in soil of diazinon and endosulfan applied as commercial formulations. It was found that both types of neem cake applied at 10, 20 or 30 g ha^-1 prolonged the period of degradation as compared with soils without neem cake amendment, and hence increased the persistence of the insecticides. There was little difference in the effect of the two types of neem cake. Treatment of the soil with insecticide 10 days after amendment with neem cake did not lead to any increase in persistence; for a good response, treatment of soil with insecticide and with neem cake must be done at the same time. © 1998 SCI.     

施用不同量菜籽饼肥对降低烟叶重金属含量的效果研究

[目的]找出控制烟叶重金属含量的有效方法.[方法]在烤烟种植过程中进行大田试验,施用不同量的菜籽饼肥,探讨其对降低烟叶重金属含量的影响.[结果]施用不同量的菜籽饼肥作为基肥,对于降低烤烟重金属含量具有积极效应,其中施用量占总施肥量30％的处理,与对照相比具有显著性效果.[结论]该研究对于烟叶安全性的提升有积极效应,对于通过改善施肥方式、施肥种类等来提升烟叶安全性,以及对肥料的选择和前期处理提供了一定的科学指导,在实际生产中具有十分重要的意义.     

添加低聚木糖生产南瓜蛋糕的工艺研究

通过正交试验,研究了低聚木糖添加量、南瓜蓉添加量、牛奶面粉添加量、鸡蛋清添加量对蛋糕品质的影响,得到了添加低聚木糖生产南瓜蛋糕的工艺参数和最佳配方。     

HPLC法测定棉籽饼粕饲料中的游离棉酚

研究了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定棉籽饼粕中游离棉酚的方法。丙酮浸提提取游离棉酚,经微孔滤膜过滤,HPLC检测含量。最佳色谱条件:色谱柱Sepax sapphire C185μm 120A(。250 mm×4.6 mm);检测器为紫外检测器;检测波长,238 nm;柱温25℃;流动相为乙腈/水(含10 mmol/L KH2PO4)=80/20(V/V);流速1 mL/min。棉酚的最低检出浓度为0.94 mg/kg,平均回收率在96.23%~99.36%之间,相对标准偏差在3.24%~4.02%之间。与传统化学方法相比,高效液相色谱法,快速简便,结果准确,重现性好。     

不同肥料施用对大蒜生长、品质和氮代谢的影响

土壤培养条件下,研究过量施用氮肥以及氮肥与菜籽饼肥配合施用对大蒜苗期生长发育、产量、品质和氮代谢的影响,结果表明:随着化学氮肥过量施用,大蒜苗期生长发育受到抑制,株高、叶长、叶宽和产量均显著降低,叶片中维生素C含量显著降低,叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量先升高,后又降低,硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性增加.在较高施氮水平下,施用菜籽饼肥或饼肥与化肥配施可避免单一施用化肥对大蒜生长发育的抑制作用,株高、叶长、叶宽和产量均明显增加,叶片叶绿素、游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量显著降低,可溶性糖含量也有降低趋势,可溶性蛋白质含量增加,施用饼肥的大蒜叶片维生素C含量显著增加,硝酸还原酶活性仍较高,保证了大蒜的食用品质.     

月饼中安赛蜜、糖精钠、苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸检测方法的研究

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定月饼中安赛蜜、糖精钠、苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸的检测技术。实验采用AQ-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm),以0.02 mol/L的乙酸铵-甲醇(90∶10)为流动相,柱温25℃,二极管阵列检测器在波长23 0 nm处进行检测。整个分离过程在1 4m in内完成。上述5种物质的回收率为9 6.8%~1 0 2.1%,相对标准偏差小于1.21%。方法快速准确,适用于月饼的常规检测。