Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

基于HACCP的粮食质量安全网络监测平台研究

保证粮食质量安全对我国食品安全具有举足轻重的意义,为实现全程质量监控,确保粮食在各个环节的质量安全,需加强对粮食质量安全领域的监管力度,建立粮食质量安全保障体系,构建一个基于HACCP的粮食质量安全网络监测平台,实现粮食质量安全各个环节的透明化和信息化。     

蒜和葱上二斑叶螨的发生为害及其抗药性监测

二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用?     

Resistance monitoring in codling moth: a need for standardization

BACKGROUND: A wide range of methods has been used for monitoring resistance in Cydia pomonella L. However, the results from specific tests are not always concordant and they generate doubts over the extent to which the data represent the field situation. Therefore, the variability in the expression of resistance mechanisms and in resistance ratios between developmental stages and their reliability in a field situation were studied. RESULTS: Neonate larvae showed the highest insecticide resistance, except to spinosad. Resistance ratios were from 2 to 9.5, depending on the insecticide and the strain tested, when compared with the susceptible strain. Spinosad exhibited the highest resistance ratio for diapausing larvae (4.4, 12.2 and 4.4 for Raz, Rdfb and RΔ strains, respectively). Enzymatic ratios were higher in adults than in neonates or diapausing larvae, and the highest enzymatic ratios were observed for mixed‐function oxidases (7.3–36.7 for adults of resistant strains). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of different instars depends on the insecticides used, and there is a differential expression of resistance mechanisms between stages. For the population considered in this study, tests on neonates provided the most consistent results to the field situation, but adult response to chlorpyrifos‐ethyl and azinphos‐methyl in the laboratory was also consistent with the field results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于视频跟踪的竖缝式鱼道内鱼类运动行为分析

鱼类运动行为的观察能够为鱼类健康监控提供直观信息,而通过人工标定的方式监测鱼群运动行为耗时长、效率低。文章针对鱼类运动行为的监测问题,提出一种基于图像处理技术的罗非鱼运动监测方法。首先利用计算机、CCD高清摄像机获取鱼群运动视频,再对图像进行滤波去噪、灰度等处理;通过Ostu阈值分割法改进Canny边缘检测算法提取鱼群的边缘轮廓;在建立鱼群运动模型的基础上结合目标关联匹配算法,实现罗非鱼运动行为的跟踪和监测。结果显示鱼群的个体检出率为98.96%,轨迹完整度为97%。提出的算法比卡尔曼滤波的轨迹跟踪监测效果略有提升,能够较好地完成鱼群的运动跟踪和动态监测。     

对称传感结构的谷物清选损失监测装置研制

该文设计研制了一种联合收割机清选损失监测装置,采用对称传感器结构补偿干扰信号,带通电荷放大处理激励信号,经带通滤波电路有效提取谷粒损失信号,最后由单片机单元实时监测计数。通过实验室与田间试验分析,设计的监测仪能有效的监测联合收割机清选损失,最大测量误差为2.81%,满足实际设计监测要求。该研究可为谷物联合收割机清选损失测试研究提供参考。     

基于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像的作业灯光围网渔船识别

为对远洋灯光渔船作业信息进行实时动态监测,该研究基于可见光红外辐射仪(visible infrared imaging radiometer suite,VIIRS)夜光遥感影像,根据远洋灯光渔船作业时其集鱼灯灯光在VIIRS白天/夜晚波段(day/night band,DNB)影像上的辐射特征,采用峰值中值指数(spike median index,SMI)对灯光渔船与背景像元间的辐射差异进行拉伸,在此基础上设计了基于最大熵法(maximum entropy method,Max Ent)阈值分割以及局部峰值检测(local spike detection,LSD)的作业远洋灯光渔船识别算法,并采用2015年西北太平洋公海灯光围网渔场内作业渔船船位监控系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS)数据对该算法的识别精度进行检验。验证结果显示,该文提出的作业远洋灯光渔船自动识别算法对实际作业灯光渔船的识别精度在92%以上,可以满足远洋灯光渔船日常监测的需求,可为进一步评估远洋光诱渔业捕捞努力量、推进远洋光诱渔业信息化管理以及打击非法、未申报和无管制的(illegal,unregulated,unreported,IUU)捕捞活动提供技术支持。     

基于PSO-BP的甘蔗施肥监控系统设计与试验

针对甘蔗横向种植机的施肥机构由于肥料潮湿结块易堵塞等问题,该研究对施肥机构进行电液传动与控制改造,构建了一套基于粒子群（Particle swarm optimization,PSO）-前反馈（Back Propagation,BP）神经网络预测的施肥监控系统。以施肥马达的压力、转速及肥料箱中肥料量为输入参数,将施肥机构的工作状态（空载状态、正常状态、重载状态、堵塞状态）作为输出,通过BP算法建立输入与输出之间的映射关系,并用PSO算法优化BP算法的权值与阈值,相比未优化BP算法,优化后的工作状态预测准确率由97%提高到99%。以识别施肥机构工作状态响应准确率以及重载状态下堵塞预防概率为试验指标进行车间试验,结果表明：工作状态响应识别准确率为89%;重载状态下,控制系统控制施肥马达正反转并消除堵塞的概率为87.5%。在田间试验中,监控系统能准确预测施肥机构的重载状态并自动执行防堵控制指令,没有出现堵塞故障。该施肥防堵塞监控系统无需上位机,能够满足复杂多变工况下施肥机构的工况预测及防堵控制要求,可为其他施肥机构的自动化改造提供参考。     

小流域综合治理项目水土保持监测工作要点研究

以青海省祁连县2014年水土保持工程小东索流域水土保持综合治理项目为例,探讨相似水土流失特点、类似工程的小流域综合治理项目水土保持监测的内容及基本方法,为今后开展类似项目水土保持监测工作提供参考。     

自来水厂水源水及饮用水水质评价

运用蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测技术,以微核千分率为指标,对武汉市某自来水厂的水质进行评估.结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,各取样点的蚕豆根尖微核千分率显著升高,且与对照组相比具有显著差异.选取暴露32 h的微核千分率计算其污染指数,判定该厂水源水和中间水为中度污染,自来水为轻度污染.因此,该厂作为武汉市饮用水的重要来源,其水质存在一定程度的污染,具有致细胞突变性.