不同饲料对甘南牦牛暖季补饲育肥效果研究试验

甘南牦牛传统放牧生产模式使牦牛生产存在周期长、收益低、草场压力大等问题,而“国家”、“地方”和“牧民”对草地生态保护、经济发展、增加收入的迫切需求,使得高生产效率已成为牦牛发展的迫切需要。[目的]为提高牦牛暖季育肥效果,[方法]本试验利用不同饲料对牦牛进行暖季补饲育肥,筛选适合甘南牧区最佳育肥方式,为牦牛高质量发展提供技术支持和理论指导。[结果]试验结果表明,采用蒸汽压片玉米+放牧补饲育肥组试验末总增重分别比苜蓿颗粒+放牧和纯放牧的方式分别提高了32.46%,20.97%,经济效益分别比以上两组提高了23.21%,13.55%。[结论]因此,蒸汽压片玉米+放牧暖季补饲育肥方式组适合在广大牧区甘南牦牛生产中推广适用。     

饲养模式对绵羊冷季生产效益的影响

在肃南裕固族自治县选择草场类型一致,绵羊(Ovisaries sp.)体况相近的3个牧户分别采取暖棚全舍饲(试验组Ⅰ),放牧+补饲(试验组Ⅱ)以及全放牧(对照组)3种饲养方式,通过测定整个繁殖周期绵羊体质量变化、母羊繁殖率和羔羊成活率指标,比较不同饲养模式对绵羊生产效益的影响.结果表明,3种饲养模式下越冬母羊体质量损失...     

Molecular markers for late blight resistance breeding of potato: an update

Late blight is the most devastating disease of the potato crop that can be effectively managed by growing resistant cultivars. Introgression of resistance (R) genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the Solanum germplasm into common potato is one of the plausible approaches to breed resistant cultivars. Although the conventional method of breeding will continue to play a primary role in potato improvement, molecular marker technology is becoming one of its integral components. To achieve rapid success, from the past to recent years, several R genes/QTLs that originated from wild/cultivated Solanum species were mapped on the potato genome and a few genes were cloned using molecular approaches. As a result, molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes or QTLs offer a quicker potato breeding option through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). However, limited progress has been achieved so far through MAS in potato breeding. In near future, new resistance genes/QTLs are expected to be discovered from wild Solanum gene pools and linked molecular markers would be available for MAS. This article presents an update on the development of molecular markers linked to late blight resistance genes or QTLs by utilization of Solanum species for MAS in potato.     

Development and utilization of novel SSRs in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]

Although the foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] is recently regarded as a model crop for studying functional genomics of biofuel grasses, its genetic improvement to some extent was limited due to the non‐availability of molecular markers, particularly the microsatellite markers and the saturated genetic linkage map. Considering this, we attempted to generate a significant number of microsatellite markers in cultivar ‘Prasad’. Two hundred and fifty‐six clones were sequenced to generate 41.82‐kb high‐quality sequences retrieved from genomic library enriched with dinucleotide repeat motifs. Microsatellites were identified in 194 (76%) of the 256 positive clones, and 64 primer pairs (pp) were successfully designed from 95 (49%) unique SSR‐containing clones. The 67.4% primer designing ability, 100% PCR amplification efficiency and 45.3% polymorphic potential in the parents of F₂ mapping population established the efficacy of genomic microsatellites. All the 64 microsatellite markers displayed high level of cross‐species amplification (~67%) in 10 millets and non‐millets species. These experimental findings suggest the utility and efficacy of SSRs in diverse genotyping applications, resolving QTLs, phylogenetic relationships and transferability in several important grass species.     

棉纤维发育相关转录因子的研究进展

 转录因子在棉纤维细胞分化发育过程中起重要的调节作用。近年来已经有多个与棉纤维发育相关的转录因子被研究报道,主要包括MYB、HD-ZIP、MADS、TCP等家族成员,其中研究最为广泛的为MYB类转录因子。GL1类的MYB转录因子和MIXTA类的MYB转录因子通过不同的调控方式参与对棉纤维细胞发育的调控。对这些转录因子的深入研究,对于揭示棉纤维细胞分化发育的分子机理具有重要的意义。本文就这方面的研究进展作一简要概述。     

紫外光固化油漆涂布量对木地板漆膜性能的影响

为优化番龙眼实木地板基材的紫外光固化油漆涂布量,研究油漆涂布量对漆膜附着力、耐磨性、硬度及柔韧性的影响。结果表明:随着涂布量的增加,漆膜附着力降低,耐磨性能呈线性增大,柔韧性逐渐降低。在生产中,需综合考虑漆膜性能和基材种类,以确定最佳涂布量。     

茶树多态性SSR分子标记引物筛选

本实验采用国家鉴定茶树品种丹桂自然杂交F1代12个新品(株)系DNA为模板,对60对茶树SSR分子标记引物进行筛选,其中12对引物PCR产物电泳结果较为理想,条带清晰、多态性丰富。其他48对引物没有多态性,或者条带模糊无法统计,或者扩增不出任何条带。从已筛选出的多态性引物中随机挑选2对引物D02、D08,对丹桂自然杂交FI代59个新品(株)系做PCR扩增,电泳检测能获得条带清晰、多态性丰富的胶图,说明筛选获得的12对多态性SSR引物可用于遗传多样性或亲缘关系等分子生物学实验。     

株行距配置对玉米根系性状及产量的影响

以郑单958为材料, 采用田间试验方法, 在50 025株/hm²、67 500株/hm²、100 050株/hm²密度下分别设两种株行距配置, 探讨增密条件下调控株行距配置对玉米根系性状及产量影响。结果表明, 3个种植密度下总体表现为小行距种植方式在0～60 cm土层内的根重密度、根长密度及根表面积密度均高于大行距处理。50 025株/hm²下吐丝期时0～60 cm土层内的根重密度和根长密度在两个株行距配置间差异显著(P<0.05), 两个株行距配置的根表面积密度在10叶展、吐丝期和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05);67 500株/hm²下不同时期两个株行距配置根重密度差异显著(P<0.05), 根长密度和根表面积密度在10叶展和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05);100 050株/hm²下, 两个株行距配置间根重密度和根长密度在10叶展和吐丝后25 d差异显著(P<0.05), 不同时期根表面积密度差异显著(P< 0.05)。同一密度下缩行增株后单株木质部伤流液体积增大, 根系供应能力增强, 产量增加, 50 025株/hm²、67 500株/hm²下产量分别提高了6.76%和4.89%。不同时期0～60 cm土层内根重密度、根长密度和根表面积密度与产量呈正相关, 其中10叶展时各根系性状均与产量呈显著正相关。     

苜蓿新品系内农1号农艺性状的研究

以国内苜蓿品种草原3号,中苜2号和国外引入品种三得利、惊喜、赛迪为对照,比较分析了混系苜蓿新品系内农1号的生育期、生长高度、生长速度、鲜干比以及产量。结果表明,内农1号的越冬能力、生长表现及草产量均高于对照。此外,研究发现,国内品种草原3号和中苜2号越冬率高,三得利和赛迪越冬率相对较低。供试材料鲜干比第3茬草第1茬草第2茬草;不同苜蓿品种(系)3茬草的产量差异显著,饲草总产量为内农1号惊喜草原3号中苜2号赛迪三得利。