提高拖拉机覆盖件模具曲面加工精度的研究

通过拖拉机覆盖件模具的加工,分析了CAM软件在进行覆盖件模具数控程序设计时,影响曲面加工质量的相关因素;从刀具、加工方法、进退刀方式和切削参数等方面介绍了提高曲面加工精度和采取的改进措施。     

Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospira platensis and Hydropuntia cornea against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.     

散叶莴苣灰霉病药剂筛选试验

为筛选出散叶莴苣灰霉病防治药剂,本文进行了10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、45%异菌腺悬浮剂、20%丁子香酚水乳剂、50%啜酰菌胺水分散粒剂不同浓度对散叶莴苣的田间药效试验。结果表明,于莴苣灰霉病发生初期连续防治2次,药后7、14d45%异菌腺悬浮剂、50%喘酰菌胺水分散粒剂效果表现优越,最终病指防效均达80%以上,且对莴苣生长安全,无残留。     

设施栽培条件下月季灰霉病预测模型的建立及应用

为有效防治月季灰霉病发生,保障切花产品采后品质,以‘粉蝴蝶’(‘Vuvuzela’)和‘雪山’(‘Avalanche’)为试验材料,实地调查设施内灰霉病发病情况,监测温室内温湿度,获取当地降雨量等气象资料,构建了月季切花设施生产灰霉病预测模型,并利用这一模型进行灰霉病防治的实际指导。结果表明：1)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’的灰霉病病情指数与设施内的均温和均湿呈线性相关,据此建立灰霉病预测模型,Y=4.761-0.332X₁+4.930X₂+0.015X₃;这一预测模型经设施内实测验证,平均绝对误差(MAE)=0.20,平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)=0.31,表明可有效预测7日内设施条件下月季切花灰霉病发病情况。2)‘粉蝴蝶’‘雪山’在贮藏和瓶插期的灰霉病发病率与栽培中病情指数预测值呈正相关。当病情指数为Y=0.33的低预测值时,切花产品在模拟运输1 d+冷库贮藏5 d后,发病率为5.0%;当病情指数为Y=2.09的高预测值时,切花产品在相同处理后发病率可达35.0%。3)基于预测模型进行病害爆发前3 d喷药的早期防治处理,采收当...     

Extractive components and taste aspects of fermented fish pastes and bean pastes prepared using different koji molds as starters

We have evaluated four commercially available mold starters (SP-01, NY, M1, and “for kome miso”) for fermented fish pastes with the aim of determining the effect of different koji molds on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the fermented product. Comparative studies among different fermented fish and bean pastes were also conducted. Protein contents were considerably higher in the fermented fish pastes (22.7–24.1%) than the fermented bean pastes (8.2–12.8%). Free amino acids, oligopeptides, organic acids, mineral content, and sensory scores of the fermented fish pastes were superior to those of the bean pastes in terms of nutritional aspects. Sensory evaluation of fermented fish and bean pastes clearly indicated that different koji molds used as starters had little effect on the taste of the fermented fish pastes. However, in terms of nutritional and sensory characteristics, fermented fish pastes from trash fishes were found to be both commercially valuable and a potential gain to food processing firms among the many new generic fermented food products becoming available.     

大豆菌核病鉴定方法研究进展

大豆菌核病在全球范围内均有发生,由于病原菌寄主范围较广,难于防治,对大豆产量和品质产生严重影响。对于大豆菌核病抗性种质资源的鉴定是抗性机理研究、基因定位及抗病育种工作的重要基础,文章对大豆菌核病资源鉴定中涉及的接种体(菌丝、孢子和菌核)的培养、植株不同部位的接种鉴定、草酸鉴定、茎中可溶性色素水平测定及田间鉴定方法进行了系统的总结和分析,并针对接种体的选择、环境条件对发病的影响及田间与温室鉴定结果不一致等问题展开讨论,为大豆菌核病抗性资源的筛选,菌核病发病机理及抗性基因的定位研究奠定基础。     

基于近红外光谱的室温贮藏下鲜枣霉菌污染动力学模型

为了预测鲜枣常温贮藏的保鲜期,确保鲜枣的品质要求及食用安全,应用近红外光谱建立了室温贮藏下鲜枣内部霉菌菌落总数变化的动力学模型。通过对几种数据预处理方法的比较及特征波数的选择,实现了鲜枣霉菌菌落总数变化的近红外模型的优选。结果表明:经过多元散射校正处理的鲜枣近红外光谱,应用多元线性回归方法建立的霉菌菌落总数模型预测能力较好,校正集相关系数为0.920,均方根误差为1.503,预测集相关系数为0.889,均方根误差为1.514。同时,将近红外光谱模型应用于霉菌菌落总数随贮藏时间变化的零级反应动力学模型中,得到模型的相关系数为0.981。根据近红外光谱吸光度值与贮藏时间的线性关系,当霉菌菌落总数初始值小于等于10cfu/g时,预测出鲜枣在室温下的保鲜期一般为8d。研究表明,结合动力学模型的近红外光谱技术可以作为一种无损、快速检测方法来检测鲜枣霉菌菌落总数变化。     

复合磷酸盐抑制酸奶中霉菌生长的应用

研究了复合磷酸盐在酸奶中对发酵剂酸化速率和产品品质的影响,以及复合磷酸盐最适添加量抑制霉菌生长的效果。结果表明,复合磷酸盐添加量0.02%和0.04%对发酵剂酸化速率影响不明显,并且对产品品质没有影响,但是对酸奶中霉菌生长具有明显的抑制作用。因此,在酸奶生产中添加适量复合磷酸盐可以有效提升酸奶产品货架期。     

番茄尾孢叶霉病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究

对河南省新乡市郊保护地发生的番茄尾孢叶霉病的病原、症状、生物学特性等进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,该病的病原菌为番茄煤污尾孢 (CercosporafuligenaRoldan) ,主要危害叶片 ,形成近圆形、多角形或不规则形的灰黑色病斑。病菌分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为 2 5～2 7℃ ,最适 pH值为 6～ 7,致死温度为 5 3℃ 1 0min ,水滴是孢子萌发的必要条件 ,紫外光对分生孢子有很强的杀伤作用。     

制霉菌素对肉鸡的生长效果及抗饲料霉变性能的研究

１６００羽红宝肉鸡分分为４组，饲喂４种含不同制霉素预混剂饲料，活性分别为（０．７０×１０８，１．４×１０８，２．１×１０８μ·ｔ－１）．进行了为期５４ｄ（１～５４ｄ日龄）的饲养试验，对各组鸡群成活率，日增重、料重比进行测定，并观察鸡群发病情况，并对制菌素饲料防霉变效果进行试验。结果表明：与对照组相比２８日龄成活率（０．７×ｌ０８μ·ｔ－１）差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；高剂量组（１．４×１０８，２．１×１０８μ·ｔ－１）差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）．日增重随日粮中制每菌素的增加呈提高趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）；料重比随制霉菌素的增加呈下降趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）．５４日龄成活率对照组与添加制霉菌素组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；日增重对照与添加组间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；料重比随制霉菌素增加而下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）．制霉茵素能提高日粮中Ｇｌｕ，Ｌｙｓ和Ｖａｉ三种氢基酸的代谢率，饲料中添加１．４×１０８μ·ｔ－１以上剂量制霉菌素具有良好的抑制细菌和生长作用，并且具有良好的预防雏鸡曲霉病的效果。