Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada

The commercial production of herbicide tolerant (HT) canola began in Western Canada in 1997. With more than a decade of use, the actual farm-level environmental impact of HT canola can be evaluated. This article reports on a spring 2007 survey of nearly 600 canola farmers in the three prairie provinces of Western Canada. Producers were asked about their crop production experiences for 2005 and 2006 and expected crop planting for 2007. A reduction in the total number of chemical applications over the 3-year period was reported, resulting in a decrease of herbicide active ingredient being applied to farmland in Western Canada of nearly 1.3 million kg annually. Fewer tillage passes over the survey period were reported, improving moisture conservation, decreasing soil erosion and contributing to carbon sequestration in annual cropland. An estimated 1 million tonnes of carbon is either sequestered or no longer released under land management facilitated by HT canola production, as compared to 1995. The value of this carbon off-set is estimated to be C$5 million. Comparisons with similar studies and against non-adoption of HT canola can guide future decisions about HT canola adoption.     

罗氏沼虾的气调保鲜

研究不同配比的O2,CO2和N2的混合气体对罗氏沼虾的气调保鲜效果，采用涂布聚脂／聚丙烯（K－PET／PE）厚度为78μm的复合薄膜，用酯比为60％CO2/30%N2/10％O2及配比为75％CO2／20％N2／50％O2的两种不同的混合气体对罗氏沼虾进行气调保鲜包装，在6℃左右贮藏，通过与空气对照组的比较，发现混合气体可有效抑制微生物的生长并降低TVB－N的生成，而且含有高浓度CO2和低浓度O2的混合气体对微生物繁殖和TVB－N的抑制效果更好，实验结果表明：两种气调包装的罗氏沼虾经感官评定其一级鲜度可保持到第6天，二级鲜度和延续到第10天。     

烟草白肋型与正常绿叶型之间叶绿体性状差异的遗传研究

利用普通烟草(Nicotiana, tabacum L.)的正常绿叶型烟草和白肋型烟草品种,按安量性状遗传研究的完全双列杂交组合的設计所进行的研究表明:1.烟草叶绿素含量的遗传为部分显性的核基因所控制,白肋型的基因型并非前人报道的那样只是两对隐性重叠基因,还可能存在一些隐性的微效修饰基因;2.白肋型的叶绿体基粒数及其片层结构均较绿叶型减少,同是隐性核基因突变的结果;3.烟草叶绿体希尔反应活性受核基因的控制。F_1光活性表现明显的杂种优势,是核基因杂合性的反映;4.同前人的研究结果一样,普通烟草RuBp羧化酶的合成受核基因和叶绿体基因的双重控制,但本研究结果指出,白肋型和绿时型之间RuBp羧化酶的大亚基等电点聚焦电泳带存在差異,說明两者控制大亚基合成的叶绿体基因有了一定程度的分化。     

改良混合选择法在绿絮棉育种中的应用

实践中形成的改良混合选择法是把自交、单株选择、混合留种三种常规的育种方法有机地结合起来,使之成为育种过程中的3个步骤。1年中实施3个步骤,组成1个轮回,3年3个轮回,形成株型、结铃性、纤维品质相对稳定的群体,完成整个育种过程。该法是提高彩色棉产量,改善彩色棉品质的有效方法。用这种方法选育的绿絮棉新品系“8588”,单株结铃21．1个,比泗棉3号的20．0个多0．1个;平均铃数为91．05万个／hm^2,为泗棉3号的99．78％;果枝数14．77,总果节79．57,与泗棉3号的14．93和81．50相当。单铃重3．78g,衣分24．35％.籽棉平均产骨3433．5kg／hm^2,皮棉平均产量836．3h／hm^2。     

改性膨润土对废水中Cu2+、Zn2+去除效果的研究

在对钙基膨润土原土进行钠化的基础上,用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性制得了有机改性膨润土.通过对含Cu2+、Zn2+废水处理试验,发现Na-膨润土及有机改性膨润土对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir方程,有机改性膨润土比Na-膨润土具有更大的吸附容量.试验对影响Cu2+、Zn2+去除的吸附时间、pH、膨润土用量、温度等因素进行了优化研究.当改性膨润土用量为5.0 g·L-1时,对实际电镀废水中Cu2+、Zn2+去除率分别为97.8%和87.6%.     

Against the neoliberal steamroller? The Biosafety Protocol and the social regulation of agricultural biotechnologies

Through a discursive and organizational analysis we seek to understand the Biosafety Protocol and the place of socioeconomic regulation of agricultural biotechnology in it. The literature on the Protocol has been fairly extensive, but little of it has explored debates over socioeconomic regulation during the negotiation process or the regulatory requirements specified in the final document. This case is especially important at a time when the spread of neoliberalism is increasingly associated with deregulation, because it sheds light on the conditions under which circumvention of the market is deemed legitimate and socio-economic regulation of agricultural technology is possible. Daniel Lee Kleinman is a professor in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he is also affiliated with the Holtz Center for Science and Technology Studies and the Integrated Liberal Studies Program. He is the author and editor of a number of books, including Impure Cultures: University Biology and the World of Commerce (2003). Abby J. Kinchy is a PhD candidate in the Departments of Sociology and Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Her current research examines the controversies surrounding the genetic “contamination” of Mexican maize and Canadian canola.     

转基因大豆存在的问题及应对措施

随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,转基因植物研究取得了飞速发展。但是,转基因植物所带来的争议也从未间断过。近年来,我国进口的大豆中有很多是转基因大豆,它是否对人体健康、我国大豆品种资源及生态环境造成影响,越来越引起人们的关注。论述了世界转基因大豆的现状、优缺点和引发的争议,并提出一些建议。     

溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在时伏安法测定雌二醇含量

雌二醇在用裸玻碳电极进行伏安法测定时的电活性极低。但雌二醇在有阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)存在时 ,使用Nafion修饰的玻碳电极 ,则可于 0 .35V处有一灵敏的响应。据此 ,建立了雌二醇的线性扫描伏安测定法。适宜条件下 ,线性范围为1× 1 0 - 8mol/L8× 1 0 - 5 mol/L ,检测限为 5× 1 0 - 9mol/L。     

CO2气调对两种储粮害虫致死率的研究

谷蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica)成虫和杂拟谷盗(Tribolium con fusum)卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对35%CO_2、11%O_2,35%CO_2、21%O_2,75%CO_2、11%O_2及75%CO_2、21%O_2 4种气调环境都很敏感,但35%CO_2对杂拟谷盗成虫致死率不高。杂拟谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对高CO_2(75%)气调环境的敏感顺序为:卵>幼虫>蛹>成虫。     

SYBR Green I实时荧光PCR鉴定检测转基因油菜RT73品系

根据转基因油菜RT73品系转入的外源基因质粒图谱,设计品系鉴定的特异性引物,进行SYBR!Green I实时PCR检测,建立转基因油菜品系鉴定的SYBR Green I实时PCR方法。同时针对油菜FatA基因设计出内源基因。结果表明：应用实时PCR技术,利用SYBR Green I染料能选择性结合双链DNA的特点,可检测到RT73品系特异性靶序列扩增所产生的荧光信号,且通过溶解曲线确定其熔点值为80.2（±0.5）。SYBR Green I实时PCR能通过溶解曲线有效地区分特异性产物、非特异性产物以及引物二聚体,是鉴定转基因油菜RT73品系的新方法。