一株鸡新城疫病毒的分离鉴定及其油乳剂灭活苗免疫效果评价

从河南某种鸡场发病鸡群中分离出1株毒株,经HA、HI和动物回归试验,确定分离的病毒为NDV,命名为HNYD株。经过测定,HNYD株鸡胚半数致死量（ELD50）为10^90/0．1mL;鸡胚最小致死量的平均致死时间（MDT）为53．8h;对1日龄SPF雏鸡脑内致病指数（ICPI）为1．86,提示HNYD株为强毒力株。血清交叉反应试验显示HNYD株和La Sota株存在一定的抗原性差异。用HNYD株油乳剂灭活苗对HNYD株和La Sota株的保护率分别为90％和100％,明显优于La Sota株油乳剂灭活苗,提示HNYD株制备的疫苗对流行毒株和经典毒株的攻击均能很好的保护。     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...     

鱼油对仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响

本试验研究了鱼油对断奶仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响.选用32头(28±3)日龄、体重(8.91±0.74)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,1公1母.采用双因子设计,主因子包括:1)饲粮处理(5%鱼油或5%玉米油);2)免疫应激[注射脂多糖(LPS)或...     

气相色谱-质谱联用法对蚕蛹油中脂肪酸成分分析

采用索氏提取法提取蚕蛹油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析蛹油的脂肪酸成分.经NIST质谱数据库检索和文献对照共检出8种成分.用面积归-法测出八种成分的含量,其结果表明蚕蛹油中脂肪酸的组成有豆蔻酸(0.20%)、花生四烯酸(0.27%)、软脂酸(16.84%)、棕榈油酸(2.40%)、硬脂酸(2.35%)、亚麻...     

Evaluation of the Feeding Value of Palm Press Fibre Using In Vitro Digestibility Techniques

Palm press fibre (PPF) was obtained from two sources, a small-scale oil palm processing unit and a large-scale factory processing unit, and its chemical composition was determined. In vitro digestibility techniques were used to assess the feeding value of untreated, defatted and sodium hydroxide-treated PPF. For the NaOH treatment, 0.5 g oven-dried PPF was treated for 24 h with 5% NaOH in three ways: treated and not washed (NaNW); treated and washed (NaW); and treated after milling (NAD).The results indicate that, on a dry matter basis, PPF is low in nitrogen (12–13 g/kg), moisture (37–90 g/kg) and ash (53–62 g/kg), but high in ether extract (269–355 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (532–768 g/kg), acid detergent fibre (375–548 g/kg) and lignin (219 g/kg). The in vitro dry matter digestibility values were low for the samples from both sources, but the large-scale factory-processed PPF had higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (0.215 vs 0.166) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (0.196 vs 0.145). Defatting the PPF and treating it with 5% NaOH solution significantly (p<0.01) improved both the dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Washing the NaOH-treated PPF resulted in a higher digestibility of dry matter as against NaNW or NAD. These results suggest that defatting and treatment with 5% NaOH would improve the feeding value of PPF.     

滁菊挥发油提取工艺研究

目的:采用正交试验法筛选滁菊挥发油最优提取工艺。方法:以挥发油得率为考察指标,分别以药材粉碎度、加水量、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间为考察因素进行正交试验设计,确定滁菊挥发油的最佳提取工艺。结果:影响滁菊挥发油提取的最主要因素为粉碎度,其次为蒸馏时间、加水量、浸泡时间,滁菊中挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为:菊花粉碎度80-100目,14倍加水量,浸泡10 h,提取13 h。结论:此提取工艺合理可行,试验重复性较好,可用于滁菊挥发油的提取。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

Effect of Food Availability on the Physiological Responses to Water Deprivation in Ponies

Six ponies were deprived of drinking water and food and compared over 24 hours with nondeprived ponies, ponies deprived of water but with food available, and ponies deprived of food but with water available. When food was eaten during water deprivation, plasma osmolality rose 4% from 284 mOsm/kg to 295 mOsm/kg. During water and food deprivation, plasma osmolality failed to rise, even over 24 hours, and usually fell. Packed cell volume was higher when food but not water was available. Food and/or water deprivation had no significant effect on plasma protein concentration. When food was available, the ponies drank three times more water (13.1 ± 2.1 kg) than when water but not food was available (3.5 ± 1.4 kg). Blood volume changes were calculated from packed cell volume and plasma protein data, and it was found that blood volume did not change significantly with deprivation. Urine volume did not vary with deprivation, but free water clearance changed significantly, falling when food but not water was available. Under these conditions, blood volume is maintained, but the mechanisms are not clear. When deprived of both drinking water and food, ponies failed to develop the hyperosmolality expected under these conditions. Water deprivation while food is available is a more powerful challenge to water and electrolyte homeostasis than deprivation of both food and water.     

Development of a lameness model in sheep for assessing efficacy of analgesics

Objective To develop a lameness model to assess the efficacy of analgesics for alleviating pain, swelling and systemic signs of inflammation in sheep. Procedures The response to subcutaneous injection of 0.1 or 0.2 mL turpentine in a forelimb pastern (n = 4 ewes per dose) was examined at 0, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. In a second experiment, responses were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h in ewes receiving 0.1 mL turpentine ± meloxicam 1 mg/kg IV at 0 h (n = 6 per group). Responses measured included forceplate pressure, skin temperature, limb circumference, nociception, leucocyte count, neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio, haptoglobin and daily feed intake. Results Turpentine injection caused a decrease in weight borne on the treated limb, increased skin temperature, increased sensitivity at the injection site and leucocytosis by 2 h and increased limb circumference by 4 h. Weight borne and sensitivity of the injected limb returned to control levels after around 24 h, whereas tissue swelling, elevated skin temperature and elevated haptoglobin levels persisted for at least 72 h. Treatment with meloxicam improved weight borne by and tolerance to pressure exerted on the turpentine‐injected limb. Conclusions The local and systemic signs of inflammation and pain, temporary reduction in function of the affected limb and partial amelioration of some of these changes by the dose of meloxicam used here suggest that injection of turpentine in the lower forelimb provides a suitable model for examining the efficacy of analgesics for alleviation of pain and inflammation in sheep.     

Effect of dietary fish oil intake on ubiquitin ligase expression during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice

Dietary fish oil intake improves muscle atrophy in several atrophy models however the effect on denervation‐induced muscle atrophy is not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil intake on muscle atrophy and the expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice. We performed histological and quantitative mRNA expression analysis of muscle atrophy markers in mice fed with fish oil with sciatic nerve denervation. Histological analysis indicated that dietary fish oil intake slightly prevented the decrease of muscle fiber diameter induced by denervation treatment. In addition, dietary fish oil intake suppressed the MuRF1 (tripartite motif‐containing 63) expression up‐regulated by denervation treatment, and this was due to decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) production in skeletal muscle. We concluded that dietary fish oil intake suppressed MuRF1 expression by decreasing TNF‐α production during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice.