Matairesinol Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Exerts Synergistic Anticancer Effects with 5-Fluorouracil in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and exhibits a devastating 5-year survival rate. The most recent procedure for the treatment of PDAC is a combination of several conventional chemotherapeutic agents, termed FOLFIRINOX, that includes irinotecan, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, ongoing treatment using these agents is challenging due to their severe side effects and limitations on the range of patients available for PDAC. Therefore, safer and more innovative anticancer agents must be developed. The anticarcinoma activity of matairesinol that can be extracted from seagrass has been reported in various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, cervical, and pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of effective anticancer activity of matairesinol against pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the inhibition of cell proliferation and progression induced by matairesinol in representative human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1). Additionally, matairesinol triggers apoptosis and causes mitochondrial impairment as evidenced by the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, disruption of calcium, and suppression of cell migration and related intracellular signaling pathways. Finally, matairesinol exerts a synergistic effect with 5-FU, a standard anticancer agent for PDAC. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of matairesinol in the treatment of PDAC.     

F型与其他小麦雄性不育系细胞质类型的分子鉴定

为了鉴定F型与其他小麦雄性不育系细胞质类型之间差异。以F型不育系(FA1-1，FA1-2，FA2-1)、F型保持系、T、K、V型同核异质不育系(A)及其保持系（B）‘冀5418’等为试验材料，用23对叶绿体和21对线粒体SSR分子标记进行聚类分析。结果表明：FA与T、K、V、B型不育系的细胞质分属不同类别。FA与中国春(CS)的细胞质遗传相似系数为1.00，FA与FB细胞质遗传相似系数为1.00，表明其可能为普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系。与经典质核互作雄性不育原理有差异，F型雄性不育系的育性可能由核基因控制。     

NAD+/SIRT2途径调节衰老卵母细胞成熟质量的分子机制

卵母细胞成熟质量不仅是哺乳动物繁殖能力的基础，更能直接决定后代的优劣。卵巢早衰通常引起卵子数量和质量下降，如何提高其成熟质量成为生殖衰老领域的研究热点。近年来，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)依赖性去乙酰化酶家族Sirtuins(SIRT1-7)在生殖衰老中的功能愈发受到关注，尤其抗衰老因子SIRT2的乙酰化底物直接与卵母细胞成熟事件相关。本文从乙酰化修饰调控卵母细胞衰老与成熟的全新视角，重点综述了NAD+/SIRT2通过减数分裂、能量代谢、线粒体氧化应激、线粒体质量控制等重要生理环节改善衰老卵母细胞成熟质量的最新研究进展，以期为提高老龄母畜的卵母细胞质量及延长繁殖利用年限提供新思路。     

沉默信息调节因子2相关酶3调控机制及其在疾病中的作用

沉默信息调节因子2相关酶3（silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 3,SIRT3）是烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD⁺）依赖性组蛋白去乙酰化酶家族成员,参与能量代谢、氧化应激和细胞凋亡等过程并起到关键作用,其调控作用与多种疾病的发生密切相关。综述了SIRT3下游转录因子腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK）、线粒体通透性转换孔（mitochondrial permeability transition pore,mPTP）、核因子κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）等的调控机制,以及SIRT3在心血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病中的作用,以期为相关疾病的预防和治疗提供参考。