乐果引起大鼠肝细胞凋亡的机理

通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入乐果(0、3、10、30、100、300μmol/L),染毒122、4 h后,Annexin V/PI双染法检测肝细胞凋亡率;分别用Fluo-2/AM、双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)和罗丹名123检测细胞内Ca2+浓度、活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)变化,并在扫描电镜和荧光显微镜下观察凋亡细胞情况,探讨乐果对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示,肝细胞染毒12、24 h后,出现了明显的细胞凋亡的形态学变化,细胞凋亡率明显升高,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),且呈时间-剂量效应。3μmol/L组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著高于对照组(P0.01),之后随染毒剂量的增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度逐渐下降;细胞内ROS水平在3~100μmol/L随染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长而升高,而在300μmol/L组略有下降,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比均差异极显著(P0.01);Δψm除24 h 300μmol/L组外均出现持续下降。结果表明,低剂量乐果染毒可诱导肝细胞发生凋亡,细胞内Ca2+、ROS和Δψm可能参与了这一过程。     

盐胁迫下海马齿叶肉细胞超微结构观察

通过透射电镜,在超显微结构水平上对淡水和海水栽培的海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrumL.)植物叶肉细胞结构进行了比较。结果显示:海水栽培的海马齿叶肉细胞质膜明显向内折叠,出现大量大小、形状各异的质膜突起,以及质膜片层;而淡水栽培的海马齿叶肉细胞质膜向内折叠不明显,质膜突起少见。相对于淡水栽培,海水栽培的海马齿植物叶肉细胞叶绿体变小、数量增多;形状变短,由肾形、梭形或弓形变成椭圆形或一端膨大的不规则形状;叶绿体基粒片层结构清晰完整,垛叠程度增加,叶绿体没有受到明显伤害;叶绿体中淀粉粒数量增多,体积变大,淀粉粒表面出现皱褶,形状由长椭圆型变成短椭圆形或不规则形状,电子密度变低;叶绿体上脂质体增多且体积变大。线粒体数量增加,但体积变小;形状由圆球状或棒状变成椭圆体状;线粒体内膜向内折叠所形成的嵴清晰,但海水栽培的海马齿叶肉细胞线粒体外膜模糊,受到轻微伤害。     

热应激对猪睾丸细胞活性氧水平影响

 【目的】探讨热应激对猪睾丸细胞的氧化损伤。【方法】将猪睾丸细胞分为43℃ 1 h组、43℃ 2 h组、43℃ 1 h+37℃ 6 h组、43℃ 2 h+37℃ 6 h组、正常对照组及阳性对照组,采用光镜和电镜观察细胞及线粒体形态学变化,采用细胞活性氧检测试剂盒,通过激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪观察细胞内活性氧水平的变化。【结果】43℃处理1 h后,细胞变圆,线粒体发生部分或广泛变性,43℃ 2 h组和43℃ 2 h+37℃ 6 h组更为明显;43℃ 1 h组细胞内活性氧水平未见明显升高（P＞0.05）,但43℃ 2 h组细胞内活性氧水平显著高于43℃ 1 h组（P＜0.05）。上述2组细胞经43℃ 处理后37℃继续孵育6 h,细胞内活性氧水平均明显增强（P＜0.05）。【结论】热应激使睾丸细胞线粒体形态学发生改变,诱发细胞氧化损伤,进而可能影响睾丸的生殖功能。     

飞行前后意大利蝗飞行肌及 能源消耗比较

意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)具有长距离迁飞行为,并常给迁入区造成严重损失。若要提高对其监测预警和防控水平,就需要掌握其飞行肌结构特征,分析其体内能源物质积累与飞行消耗的动态,因此本研究比较了意大利蝗吊飞前后飞行肌肌节长度、肌原纤维直径和线粒体含量差异及飞行不同距离虫体内糖原和甘油酯含量变化。结果表明,吊飞组与未吊飞对照组雌虫之间、雄虫之间线粒体含量均差异显著(P0.05)。意大利蝗雌成虫飞行超过2.8km后糖原消耗最多,为11.15mg·g~(-1),雄虫飞行2.1~2.8km时消耗最多,为16.10mg·g~(-1)。雌、雄成虫均在飞行距离大于2.8km后甘油酯消耗最多,分别为61.69和69.75mg·g~(-1)。意大利蝗飞行同时消耗糖类和脂肪两类能源物质,且雌雄成虫分别飞行超过2.8km和2.1~2.8km时糖原利用效率最大,飞行超过2.8km后甘油酯利用效率最大。本研究得出吊飞组个体能改变自身的飞行肌结构来适应飞行活动;且飞行过程中意大利蝗能同时利用糖类与脂类,糖类能快速产生能量以供起飞与短距离飞行,随后主要消耗甘油酯供长距离飞行。     

Substituted alpha-(phenylhydrazono)phenylacetonitrile derivatives. Part 1: A new class of uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation

Substituted alpha-(phenylhydrazono)phenylacetonitrile derivatives have been discovered which constitute a series of potent uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Systematic variation of substituents on both benzene rings has clearly demonstrated the importance of steric congestion around the ionisation site and delocalisation of negative charge in the anionic form. Replacement of the cyano group by other electron-withdrawing groups leads to a dramatic decrease in uncoupling activity. The sub-nanomolar levels of uncoupling activity found in certain members indicate that these compounds are the most potent uncouplers yet reported.     

内毒素对肉鸡肝脏线粒体复活体Ⅰ活性的影响及氨基胍的保护效应

本研究采用30日龄黄羽肉鸡90只,随机分成内毒素处理组(LPS组,5 mg/kg)、氨基胍治疗组(AG+LPS组)和生理盐水对照组。每组分别在处理后1、3、5、7和9 h时间点杀鸡取样,取肝脏组织匀浆,提取线粒体,分别检测肝脏线粒体复活体Ⅰ活性。试验结果显示,LPS在各时间段显著降低了肉鸡肝脏线粒体复合体Ⅰ的活性(P<0.05)。注射AG 1 h时,肉鸡肝脏线粒体复合体Ⅰ的活性未发生变化(P>0.05),3 h时却显著增加(P<0.05);5、7 h时,趋于正常(P>0.05);9 h时,显著降低(P<0.05)。由此推论,LPS诱导了线粒体的损伤,引起了线粒体内的复活体Ⅰ活性的紊乱,能量代谢障碍,组织机能发生改变;AG对LPS具有明显的颉颃作用,对机体起到保护作用。     

鸡传染性贫血病免疫对肝脏微粒体苯胺羟化酶活性的影响

为了观察鸡传染性贫血病(Chicken Infectious Anemia,CIA)免疫对肝脏微粒体苯胺羟化酶活性的影响。20只70日SPF龄白来航蛋鸡随机分为2组,每组10只。免疫组用鸡传染性贫血病弱毒苗免疫4次,每次间隔2周,对照组鸡注射同剂量的生理盐水。最后一次免疫后10 d取肝脏制备微粒体,测定肝微粒体这苯胺羟化酶的活性。结果表明:免疫组鸡苯胺羟化酶的活性为66.034±2.071 nmol/(mg.min),对照组为141.853±19.310 nmol/(mg.min)。与对照组相比,免疫组苯胺羟化酶的活力极显著下降(P﹤0.01)。鸡传染性贫血病免疫可降低肝脏微粒体苯胺羟化酶的活性。     

Effects of cryopreservation on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of bovine sperm

This study evaluated the bioenergetic map of mitochondria metabolism in cryopreserved bovine sperm. The detected oligomycin-sensitive basal respiration supported ATP production; frozen–thawed spermatozoa were found to have a coupling efficiency higher than 0.80. Cell respiration, however, was not stimulated by the protonophoric action of FCCP, as its titration with 1, 2, 4 and 6 μM did not stimulate the uncoupling activity on oxidative phosphorylation as highlighted by unresponsive oxygen consumption. The unusual effect on the stimulation of maximal respiration was not related to fibronectin- or PDL-coated plates used for cellular metabolism analysis. Conversely, irradiation of frozen–thawed bovine sperm with the red light improved mitochondrial parameters. In effect, the maximal respiration of red-light-stimulated sperm in PDL-coated plates was higher than the non-irradiated. In spite of this, red-light irradiation had no impact on membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy.     

Bta-miR-677靶向线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白影响Ⅰ型干扰素的生成

旨在探究bta-miR-677调控Ⅰ型干扰素（IFN）表达的分子机制。将bta-miR-677转染MDBK细胞,检测Ⅰ型IFN和干扰素刺激基因（ISGs）的转录水平;随后通过TargetScan预测bta-miR-677的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因系统、qRT-PCR和Western blot验证bta-miR-677的靶基因;利用siRNA敲减验证靶基因对Ⅰ型IFN转录的影响。结果显示,过表达bta-miR-677组IFN-α/β的转录水平高于对照组2~4倍（P<0.001）,随后检测到6种ISGs（IFI6、OAS1Y、OAS1Z、RSAD2、MX1和MX2）转录量上调2~16倍（P<0.01或P<0.001）;反之,抑制表达bta-miR-677组IFN-α/β转录量下调（P<0.01或P<0.05）,同时IFI6、OAS1Y、OAS1Z、RSAD2、MX1和MX2转录量下调（P<0.05或P<0.01）。经TargetScan预测和双荧光素酶报告基因系统、qRT-PCR和Western blot检测显示,bta-miR-677可靶向结合线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白（MAVS）的3'-UTR,抑制MAVS蛋白的表达;MAVS基因敲减后发现,IFN-α、IFN-β和6种ISGs转录量上调。研究结果表明,bta-miR-677通过靶向MAVS上调IFN-α/β转录水平,进而提高ISGs的表达量,为基于bta-miR-677研制抗病毒药物提供了重要资料。     

Adaptation of aerobic training essentially involved autophagy,mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre genetic modulation in rat cardiac muscles

Information about the role of moderate acute treadmill training in modulating autophagy and mitochondrial markers that might be correlated with alteration of muscle fibre gene expression in rat cardiac muscles is very limited. In this present study, the researchers divided twenty male Wistar rats into four groups: sedentary control, 3, 6 and 15 days and subjected them to treadmill training with moderate intensity (20 m/min), 30 min each day. RNA was extracted from cardiac muscles and stored in temperature of −80°C. Specific primers were utilized for semi-quantitative PCR. Treadmill training decreased autophagy-related gene expression (LC3, p62) and upper stream signalling of autophagy (PIK3CA, Akt and mTOR) in 3 and 6 d, but stimulated gene expression of mitochondrial markers (PGC1α, Cox1, Cox2 and Cox4) in 15 days. αMHC gene expression increased while βMHC gene expression decreased in 15 days. In line with this, autophagy-related genes increased in 3 and 6 days and returned to baseline in 15 days. The increment in mitochondrial gene expression might be correlated with shifting gene expression of αMHC and βMHC in 15 days. Taken together, acute adaptation in cardiac muscles is stimulated by genetic modulation of autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre that may explain physiological cardiac adaptation after training. This study can be used as a reference for optimizing performance in period of cardiac muscle adaptation stimulated by treadmill training.