关于河北省吨粮田建设问题的商榷

本文通过对河北省农业生产历史、现行基本情况及粮食生产形势的分析,阐述了建设吨粮田的重要意义。通过对河北省目前水资源条件、肥料投入情况及土地生产潜力的剖析,就吨粮田建设的立地条件及有关问题进行的商讨,并对河北省目前建设吨粮田的方向、适区及规模等提出了建议。     

红苋R104种子谷蛋白亚基组成及二硫键连接蛋白研究

应用还原和非还原单向ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及二者结合的双向电泳技术，研究了红苋Ｒ１０４种子谷蛋白的亚基组成。谷蛋白由多种亚基组成，高分子量二硫键连接蛋白占其多数，经还原裂解成Ａ（５４ＫＤ）、Ｂ（４０ＫＤ，３９ＫＤ）、Ｃ（３３ＫＤ，３１ＫＤ）、Ｄ（２２ＫＤ，２０ＫＤ，１８ＫＤ，）和Ｅ（１５ＫＤ）５组主要单肽链单元，提出了二硫键连接蛋白的组成模式，并发现低分子量谷蛋白亚基存在肽内二硫键     

农桐间作复合生态系统研究进展

该文对７０年代以来国内外涉及农桐间作复合生态系统的研究报告总结如下：①泡桐是强阳性树种．由于具有根系分布深、树冠稀疏等特性,较适宜与农作物复合经营;②间作后由于系统具有减低风速和最高温的作用,因此有助于提高系统抵御灾害天气的能力,但对光的截留对提高系统内作物的产量有副效应;③间作前６ａ和６ａ后,适宜的间作密度分别为５ｍ×２０ｍ和小于５ｍ×３０ｍ,但该结论仍有争议,尚待进一步研究验证;④幼龄间作林营养补给的效果仍存在争议,但接干修枝的研究成果已被生产单位普遍接受;⑤在提高研究手段,完善研究方法的前提下,不同桐种叶面积指数变化规律、树冠对光的截留、光质、光量的时空变化规律、系统内农作物光能结合及系统效应评价方法等领域将是今后农桐复合经营系统研究的重点．     

地理信息系统在土地多宜性评价中的应用

土地多宜性评价为土地利用规划和决策提供多种可能利用方式的信息,它是对每一种不同的利用方式,就选择一套相应的评价指标,它选择的评价对象多,评价的结果准确度高。本文在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的帮助下,建立了土地空间位置图件数据库,土地属性数据库、作物生长要求生理生态知识库和评价指标模型库,对徐水县６种作物进行了多宜性评价的探索。结果显示：在计算机和ＧＩＳ的帮助下,土地评价的工作效率和定量化水平的显著提高     

豆类作物美洲斑潜蝇的化学防治的探讨

试验表明,用２４．５％ 的爱福丁和４８％ 的乐斯本防治豆科作物上的斑潜蝇,具有较好的速效性和持效性,防治上可积极推广应用,特别是２４．５％ 爱福丁是生物农药,当首选应用。对秋梅豆上美洲斑潜蝇的防治至少应喷３ 次。施药间隔期可掌握在１０ｄ 左右（８～９ 月份）。     

水稻生育后期谷粒变色病病原菌的分离鉴定

近年来,水稻谷粒变色病日趋严重。采用常规方法,对成都和重庆两地区的变色谷粒病原菌进行分离,纯化及其致病性测定,获得具致病作用的镛孢力等若干菌株。其中欧氏杆菌,镛孢霉菌为优势种群,各占４５．５％,２７．３％。     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

储粮害虫综合治理的探讨

储粮害虫防治过分依赖杀虫剂 ,带来了一些不良的副作用。对储粮害虫采用综合治理防治策略非常必要。既应提倡把系统论应用到综合治理中去 ,又要强调在现阶段使用好化学防治     

Increased grain yield and biomass allocation in rice under cool night temperature

Abstract

The effects of different night temperatures on grain yield were examined in rice (Oryza sativa L. Akita-63) during the ripening period. Plants were grown under two different night temperatures (22 and 27°C) from anthesis to harvesting. The day temperature was maintained at 27°C in both treatments. Although the final biomass at harvest did not differ between the treatments, the dry weight of the panicles was significantly greater in the cool night temperature treatment. This increase in panicle weight was associated with increases in the 1000-kernel weight and the ratio of filled spikelets. Although panicle respiration in the high night temperature treatment decreased to almost zero just after the cessation of grain filling, the net CO₂ fixation rate per day in the whole plant in this treatment tended to be higher, and this was associated with a higher level of starch accumulation. After grain filling, the starch content decreased and the final dry weight of other plant parts, including dead organs and new tillers, was greater in the high night temperature treatment. Thus, the noted decline in yield at the high night temperature led to changes in carbon allocation to new sinks for vegetative reproduction at the whole plant level. From these results, we considered the possibility that a cool night temperature tends to favor carbon allocation to panicles, resulting in higher yield.     

黄土高原地区秋粮作物生产潜力模拟研究

应用 DSSAT3中的 CERES-谷子模型、CROPGRO-大豆模型和 SU BSTOR-马铃薯模型分别模拟研究了黄土高原 2 8个地点谷子、大豆和马铃薯的光温生产潜力 (TPP)和气候生产潜力 (CPP) ,获得了各点 6～ 15年各作物的产量潜力值 ,并统计计算了研究时段内各作物生产潜力的平均值、标准差、最高值、最低值和水分满足率 (WCR)。