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991.
992.
Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of the present study was to determine the physiological responses of transported Red Sokoto goats (RSG) treated with ascorbic acid (AA). Ten RSG treated orally with ascorbic acid served as experimental subjects, while seven goats treated with sterile water served as the control. The goats were transported for 8 h. The ambient temperature and relative humidity during the study period fluctuated between 21 and 38°C and 51 and 91%, respectively, which indicated that the season was thermally stressful and did not favor transportation of goats. The rectal temperature obtained in the control goats was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the value in the experimental goats after transportation. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in eosinophil counts and an increase (P < 0.01) in neutrophil counts and neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio recorded in the control goats after transportation, which suggested that the control goats were physically and emotionally stressed. The control goats lost 11.9% of their initial liveweight, while the experimental goats lost only 1.04% after transportation. Multiple stresses, including extreme meteorological factors, acted upon the transported goats and impaired their homeostatic mechanism. In conclusion, AA administration in goats reduced the adverse effects of road transportation stress. 相似文献
993.
温度对斯氏伞锥象生长发育速度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在17、20、24、28和32℃条件下,研究温度对防治柽柳的植食性昆虫斯氏伞锥象发育历期的影响。用线性方程拟合了斯氏伞锥象发育速率与温度间的关系式。用直线回归法计算出卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹、产卵前期成虫及全世代的发育起点温度,依次为13.48、12.48、10.32、13.28、8.71和11.44℃,有效积温依次为:46.52、121.52、31.70、62.17、186.19和445.78日度。并推算出斯氏伞锥象理论年发生代数为3.24代。 相似文献
994.
从三个方面综述了当前马铃薯抗“低温糖化”种质资源的研究和利用情况:一、引种和种质资源评定是加工品种选育的首要工作。二、杂交育种是获得抗“低温糖化”炸片加工型品种的主要方法。三、通过基因工程丰富马铃薯抗“低温糖化”的基因资源。 相似文献
995.
利用24孔培养板研究不同营养水平、pH值、温度和卵密度对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响。结果表明:在Ringer溶液中,无论卵密度高低,卵或初孵幼虫均很快死亡;在10%基本培养液营养水平条件下线虫的发育停滞在二龄阶段;20%~100%的基本培养液营养水平下,侵染期幼虫的形成比率同营养水平呈负相关,与线虫卵密度呈正相关;适宜线虫向发育期三龄幼虫发育的pH值为7~8,温度为20~25℃,高于或低于此pH值或温度范围均可促使侵染期幼虫的形成;夜蛾斯氏线虫在pH值小于5或温度高于30℃条件下会很快死亡。 相似文献
996.
以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究叶片Mn、Cu、Zn和Fe含量及低温胁迫下SOD活性的差异,结果表明:嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量均显著高于自根黄瓜,而Fe的含量则显著低于自根黄瓜;低温胁迫第3天,嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性均显著高于自根黄瓜,Fe-SOD则显著低于自根黄瓜。为探索嫁接黄瓜叶片高含量Mn、Cu、Zn与SOD活性之间的关系,向低温胁迫第3天的自根黄瓜叶片SOD提取液中加入Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 ,使之与嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD提取液对应组合的Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 浓度相等,研究此时的SOD及其同工酶活性的变化,结果发现:Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 加入自根黄瓜叶片提取液后均能显著增强SOD活性,其增强作用的大小依次为Mn2 Zn2 ,Mn2 Cu2 ,Mn2 ,Cu2 ,Cu2 Zn2 Mn2 ,Cu2 Zn2 和Zn2 。3种离子的加入都不影响Fe-SOD的活性。这一结果说明黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量是影响SOD活性大小的重要因素,嫁接黄瓜吸收Mn、Cu和Zn的能力较强是其SOD活性显著高于自根黄瓜的重要原因之一。 相似文献
997.
Successful fruit set depends on several reproductive processes including pollen germination and tube growth processes. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of temperature on pollen germination characteristics and to identify species/genotypic differences in Capsicum using the cumulative temperature response index (CTRI) concept. Pollen was collected from plants of seven genotypes from five Capsicum species, adapted to various parts of the world and grown outdoors in large pots. The pollen was subjected to in vitro temperatures ranging from 15 to 50 °C at 5 °C intervals. Pollen germination and tube lengths were recorded for all species after 24 h of incubation at the respective treatments. Species/genotypes differed significantly for in vitro pollen germination percentage and pollen tube length with mean values of 78% and 734 μm, respectively. The mean cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) averaged over genotypes, were 15.2, 30.7, and 41.8 °C for pollen germination and 12.2, 31.2, and 40.4 °C for pollen tube growth. The CTRI of each species/genotype calculated as the sum of eight relative individual stress response values, such as maximum pollen germination, maximum pollen tube length; Tmin, Topt, and Tmax temperatures of pollen germination, and pollen tube lengths, identified species tolerance to high temperatures. Capsicum annum cv. Mex Serrano from Mexico was identified as tolerant, C. chacoense cv. 1312 and C. spp. cv. Cobanero from Argentina and Guatemala, respectively as intermediate and C. frutescens cv. Early Spring Giant from China, C. annum cv. Long Green from South Korea, C. spp. cv. NM89C130 and C. pubescens cv. 90002 from Guatemala as sensitive to high temperatures. The tolerant species/genotypes can be used in breeding programs to develop new genotypes that can withstand high temperature conditions both in the present climate and particularly in a future warmer climate. 相似文献
998.
Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tiago Pedreira dos Santos Carlos M. Lopes M. Lucília Rodrigues Claudia R. de Souza Jorge M. Ricardo-da-Silva João P. Maroco João S. Pereira M. Manuela Chaves 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI. 相似文献
999.
Effects of plastic mulches on root zone temperature and on the manifestation of tomato spotted wilt symptoms and yield of tomato 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease is a serious constraint to tomato production in various regions of the world. The effect of TSW on tomato yield is largely influenced by time of infection. Early infection usually results in severe stunting of the seedling and even death of the plant. Plastic film mulches affect both the incidence of TSW, and plant growth and yield of tomato. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of root zone temperature (RZT) as affected by plastic film mulch on the manifestation of symptoms of TSW, and growth and yield of tomato plants either artificially inoculated with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or under natural TSW infection. In artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, vegetative top fresh weight (FW) and fruit FW both increased with the length of time after transplanting that the plants remained free from TSW symptoms. The root zone temperature was highest under black mulch (seasonal mean = 27.5 °C), followed by gray (27.0 °C), silver (25.8 °C), and white (24.8 °C) mulches. The plants grown on black mulch showed the earliest appearance of TSW symptoms, and had significantly reduced vegetative growth and fruit yields compared to plants on the other mulches. In conclusion, utilization of plastic mulches that created conditions of high RZT stress resulted in reduced plant growth and yield and predisposed the plants to earlier expression of TSW symptoms compared to plants grown at RZTs more favorable to tomato plant growth (optimal RZT = 26.1 °C [Díaz-Pérez, J.C., Batal, K.D., Granberry, D., Bertrand, D., Giddings, D., Pappu, H., 2003. Vegetative top growth and yield of tomato grown on plastic film mulches as affected by the appearance of symptoms of Tomato spotted wilt virus. HortScience 38, 395–399]). Since these plant responses to TSW under heat stress occurred in artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, high RZTs probably affected the plants directly, independently of any possible effects on the thrips vectors. 相似文献
1000.