基于最小累计阻力模型的南京市生态安全格局构建

[目的]构建科学合理的生态安全格局,为生态文明建设背景下统筹推进市域国土空间可持续发展提供参考。[方法]基于生物多样性、水资源安全、地质灾害规避对江苏省南京市生态用地重要性进行定量评价,进而识别生态源地;参考PM_(2.5)浓度、夜间灯光数据对物种迁徙的影响构建修正后的生态阻力面;通过最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建区域生态安全格局。[结果]南京市生态源地面积490.3 km~2,基本涵盖国家级和省级自然保护地,识别结果较为合理。修正后生态阻力面的阻力值范围在0～43 854.6之间,阻力值较大的区域位于鼓楼区、秦淮区、建邺区东部等长江南岸,浦口区中部、玄武区中部、江宁区东北部等区域阻力较小,能够较好地表征区域生态过程差异。依托生态源地、缓冲区、生态廊道等核心组分,形成了"一带三区多轴"的南京市生态安全格局框架。[结论]改进后的生态安全格局构建方法行之有效,以此构建的生态安全格局框架与现有《南京市主体功能区实施规划》更加契合。     

禽致病菌ESBLs和AmpC酶的检测及药敏分析

用全自动微生物鉴定系统(VITEK-32)鉴定了禽分离致病菌,分别进行了β-内酰胺酶(BLA)、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)、AmpC酶的检测,并用试管两倍稀释法测定了各种抗生素对非产酶菌、产ESBLs菌及产AmpC菌的抗菌活性。结果表明,鉴定分离的20株致病菌有大肠埃希菌15株、阴沟肠杆菌1株、铜绿假单胞菌1株、法氏柠檬酸杆菌1株、肺炎克雷伯菌1株及鹑鸡肠球菌1株,其中法氏柠檬酸杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及鹑鸡肠球菌系兽医上首次检出。报道所分离的20株致病菌均产β-内酰胺酶,其中产ESBLs 9株,同时产ESBLs和AmpC酶1株。产酶菌株对抗生素的耐药性严重,而抗生素/抑制剂联用能降低药物对细菌的MICs。     

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

The demand for information on cropping system impact on soil organic matter (SOM) calls for efforts to improve the utilization of short‐term field experiments (e.g., to evaluate the parameterization of cropping systems in models). Those approaches have coped with the problem of determining small SOM changes within a large background mass. Thus, objectives of this survey are (1) the improvement of the minimum detectable difference (MDD) in SOM in the hudycrop short‐term field experiment by methods of sampling design and data treatment, (2) the verification to what extend the hudycrop short‐term field experiment allows for the determination of management induced effects on SOM, and (3) the investigation to what extent the obtained results may be suitable to evaluate the parameterization of a SOM balance model. The design of the hudycrop is suitable for excluding outliers plotwise. The estimation of plot means can be improved by the sampling design. Instead of determining a single plot mean in a mixed sampling procedure, the design provides multiple values for each plot, allowing for the identification of extreme values before calculating plot means. In consequence, minimum detectable differences decrease by a factor of 0.53 for soil organic C (SOC) and 0.63 for soil total N (STN) masses, allowing for detection of changes in the magnitude of 3.7 and 2.6% of background SOC and STN levels, respectively. Differences between treatments, however, are significant with corrected values (after outlier exclusion) for the crop production systems with the highest impact (potatoes and mulched red clover). Determining outliers based on Student's t‐test gives the lowest MDD and is therefore considered to be the most suitable method in this case. Correlations between apparent changes and SOM balances according to the HU‐MOD–2 model, used in this survey, indicate that the experimental design, in principal, is suitable for the evaluation of the parameterization of crop production systems in models. Still, an improved precision in SOM change detection is necessary. Reasonable options for that purpose are discussed in the paper.     

我国农村低保和扶贫对象识别与瞄准研究综述

最低生活保障与扶贫开发是我国新时期农村两项重要的社会救助政策,也是农村社会保障体系的基本内容.准确识别与瞄准贫困对象是两项制度顺利实施的前提和基础,也是提高农村扶贫效率和维系制度公平的需要.该研究对近年来我国学者关于两项制度对象识别与瞄准的相关研究进行了综述,总结了我国农村低保和扶贫对象的重要意义、难点及对策.指出拓宽研究视角、强化研究成果的应用性和可操作性是今后进一步研究的重要任务.     

基于红外热成像的夜间农田实时语义分割

农田环境实时语义分割是构成智能农机的视觉环境感知的重要环节,夜间农田语义分割可以使智能农机在夜间通过视觉感知农田环境进行全天候作业,而夜间无光环境下,可见光摄像头成像效果较差,将造成语义分割精度的下降。为保证夜间农田环境下红外图像语义分割的精度与实时性,该研究提出了一种适用于红外图像的红外实时双边语义分割网络(Infrared Real-time Bilateral Semantic Segmentation Network,IR-BiSeNet),根据红外图像分辨率低,细节模糊的特点该网络在实时双边语义分割网络(Bilateral Semantic Segmentation Net,BiSeNet)结构基础上进行改进,在其空间路径上,进一步融合红外图像低层特征,在该网络构架中的注意力提升模块、特征融合模块上使用全局最大池化层替换全局平均池化层以保留红外图像纹理细节信息。为验证提出方法的有效性,通过在夜间使用红外热成像采集的农田数据集上进行试验,数据集分割目标包括田地、行人、植物、障碍物、背景。经试验验证,提出方法在夜间农田红外数据集上达到了85.1%的平均交并比(Mean Inter...     

基于高光谱图像技术预测苹果大小

以新疆红富士苹果为研究对象,探讨应用高光谱图像技术和最小外接矩形法预测其大小的研究方法。提取苹果高光谱图像中可见红色区域受色度影响较小的713nm以及近红外区域793和852nm的3个波长图像,做双波段比运算处理。比较所得双波段比图像可知,852/713双波段比图像中背景和前景灰度对比度最大。对该图像做阈值分割以及形态闭运算去除果梗区域,使用8邻接边界跟踪法得到二值图像的轮廓坐标序列,采用最小外接矩形法求苹果的大小,与实测值建立回归方程。结果表明,基于高光谱图像技术采用波段比算法,结合最小外接矩形法,能够有效地检测苹果大小,预测值与实际值最大绝对误差为3.06mm,均方根误差为1.21mm。     

Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers

Objective

To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers.

茶叶活性成分对梨火疫病菌的抑制活性及稳定性研究

研究茶叶活性成分对梨火疫病菌的抑菌活性及其稳定性,旨在为田间病害防治提供依据。采用打孔法测定茶叶活性成分对梨火疫病菌的抑菌活性及最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并进一步探讨温度、pH和紫外线照射对绿茶提取物茶多酚抑菌活性稳定性的影响。结果表明,抑菌活性绿茶提取物茶多酚>壳寡糖,茶皂素没有抑菌活性;绿茶提取物茶多酚MIC为40 mg/mL。绿茶提取物茶多酚10～60℃时抑菌活性保持稳定,但经高温80～100℃处理后,抑菌活性略有下降;在p H 2时抑菌活性增强,碱性条件下抑菌活性减弱;经紫外处理10～50 min后,抑菌活性随着照射时间的增加而减弱。茶叶活性物质对梨火疫病菌有一定的抑菌活性,且绿茶提取物茶多酚具有较稳定的抑菌活性,为其作为天然的农药防治梨火疫病提供依据。     

Effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs

Objective

To determine the effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.

Effect of transdermally administered fentanyl on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of two doses of fentanyl, administered transdermally, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. ANIMALS: Five healthy, spayed, female cats. METHODS: Each cat was studied thrice with at least 2 weeks between each study. In study 1, the baseline isoflurane MAC was determined in triplicate for each cat. In studies 2 and 3, isoflurane MAC was determined 24 hours after placement of either a 25 or 50 microg hour(-1) fentanyl patch. In each MAC study, cats were instrumented to allow collection of arterial blood and measurement of arterial blood pressure. Twenty-four hours prior to studies 2 and 3, a catheter was placed and secured in the jugular vein and either a 25 or 50 microg hour(-1) fentanyl patch was placed in random order on the left thorax. Blood samples for plasma fentanyl determination were collected prior to patch placement and at regular intervals up to 144 hours. After determination of MAC in studies 2 and 3, naloxone was administered as a bolus dose (0.1 mg kg(-1)) followed by an infusion (1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) and MAC redetermined. RESULTS: The baseline isoflurane MAC was 1.51 +/- 0.21% (mean +/- SD). Fentanyl (25 and 50 micro g hour(-1)) administered transdermally significantly reduced MAC to 1.25 +/- 0.26 and 1.22 +/- 0.16%, respectively. These MAC reductions were not significantly different from each other. Isoflurane MAC determined during administration of fentanyl 25 micro g hour(-1) and naloxone (1.44 +/- 0.16%) and fentanyl 50 micro g hour(-1) and naloxone (1.51 +/- 0.19%) was not significantly different from baseline MAC (1.51 +/- 0.21%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fentanyl patches are placed to provide long-lasting analgesia. In order to be effective postoperatively, fentanyl patches must be placed prior to surgery. Plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved intraoperatively decrease the need for potent inhalant anesthetics in cats.