冬小麦冠层高光谱特征与覆盖度相关性研究

在2010年度与2011年度冬小麦生长季大田试验小区,实测了3个播种密度、3个灌水水平下冬小麦冠层的高光谱反射率与覆盖度。分析了冬小麦冠层光谱特征以及不同生育期冬小麦冠层光谱特征参数与覆盖度的相关性,建立了基于光谱特征参数的不同生育期冬小麦覆盖度估算模型。结果表明:从返青到成熟,冬小麦冠层可见光区光谱反射率先减小后增大,近红外区先增大后减小。不同种植密度下,适宜供水冬小麦在可见光波段的反射率依次小于轻度亏水、重度亏水条件下的冬小麦;在近红外波段,规律正好相反。在相关性分析中,传统光谱特征参数和新光谱特征参数与覆盖度在不同生育期均具有较好的相关性。相比以传统光谱特征参数为自变量的冬小麦覆盖度估算模型,基于绿峰峰度的估算模型可以提高冬小麦覆盖度的估算精度。     

施肥对闽北三耕土杉木幼林光合特性的影响

研究结果表明 ,施肥不同程度提高了三耕土杉木幼树的光合能力 ,但只有当高的光合能力与较低呼吸相配合时 ,才能形成高光合系数 ,如 M(氮磷钾 + Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等多元微肥 )、NPK.另外 ,林冠下层的杉木枝条针叶 ,净光合强度上部 >中部 >下部 ,不同叶龄的净光合强度随着叶龄的增长呈指数式下降趋势     

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Potential to Contribute Solubilized Soil Phosphorus to Subsequent Crops

Reports supporting folklore beliefs that buckwheat (BW) can significantly contribute solubilized phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble soil P to subsequent crops remain anecdotal. To quantify P solubilized by BW from five inorganic and three organic pools in a Fargo silty clay, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WHT) was grown as a reference crop to compare P mineralized and P uptake in a complete randomized design. Following fractionation and analysis, P changes between pools indicated solubilization from recalcitrant to less recalcitrant P pools. Calcium-bound P contributed the most P (72% of inorganic pool) to the available fraction, and P uptake by BW (40 kg ha^?1) was significantly greater than wheat (16 kg ha^?1) from the inorganic pools, whereas WHT uptake was significantly greater (P < 0.05) from the organic pool. Following harvest, more P was found in available P pools after BW compared to WHT, suggesting potential solubilization of P to subsequent crops compared with WHT.     

Soil organic‐C accumulation and N availability under improved pastures established in Mediterranean oak woodlands

Long‐term effects of improved pasture establishment (with high proportion of legumes) on soil organic‐C status and N availability in Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands were assessed. Soils were sampled beneath scattered crowns and in open areas, considering two systems: unmanaged and managed woodlands where improved pastures were installed 26 and 32 years ago. Total and labile C and N pools were measured and C and N mineralization were determined over 24 weeks laboratory incubation. Soils under improved pastures showed higher organic‐C, total‐N and net N mineralization than those under unmanaged pasture, mainly when established beneath trees. Potentially mineralizable C, C mineralization rate and microbial C were not statistically different between the unmanaged and improved pasture sites, but were higher closer to the tree than in the open area (1.8, 1.2 and 1.2 times, respectively). The qCO₂ was higher in improved pastures (1.7 times). Labile pool of C and N extracted with hot water increased under improved pasture (3.4 and 1.7 times, respectively). Results indicate that soil quality amelioration by improved pastures is stronger in the presence of oak trees. Management systems that favour oak tree maintenance and regeneration should be taken into account to reverse soil degradation.     

浅色黄姑鱼的生物学特性及其养殖前景

本文简要介绍了浅色黄姑鱼的形态特征、生活习性和繁殖习性等生物学特性并分析了目前国内外该鱼的养殖状况和发展前景。     

李子栽培分析探讨

做好李子的栽培,为农民增收,做好特色经济林的发展开辟新的路子。     

春玉米不同组合农艺性状的方差和相关性分析

为进一步鉴定玉米组合综合性状,为筛选适合本地区种植的组合材料提供试验依据,选用14个玉米组合作为供试材料,采用方差和相关性分析方法,对其株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、百粒重等性状和小区估产进行研究.结果表明:内单205产量最高,与冀承单3、030×034、1308×1202和030×025等组合的差异达到极显著水平;穗重、百粒重、穗粗和穗长对产量呈正相关,且达到极显著水平.因此,提高穗重、百粒重、穗粗和穗长,并注重其他性状的选择,是获得玉米高产的科学有效方法.     

新疆呼图壁河流域水文特征分析

呼图壁河是天山北麓中段第二大河流,根据该河多年统计资料,从流域气候、径流、泥沙、水质等方面对其水文特性进行分析。得出呼图壁河径流年际变化稳定、年内分配极不均匀;洪水特征为峰高、量大且持续时间长。洪水传播时间与传播速度与洪峰流量的量级、区间来水河段特征、洪水类型及洪水特性等因素有关;河流泥沙年际变化较大,年内分配极不均匀,与径流的年内变化基本一致;受人类活动的影响,河流水质沿程有恶化的趋势。     

苹果可溶性糖组分及其含量特性的研究

以132个苹果品种为试材,采用离子色谱法对其成熟果实的可溶性糖组分进行测定,并测定其可溶性固形物含量(TSS)、可溶性糖含量(SS),利用频次分析、相关性分析、回归分析等统计分析方法,明确苹果果实可溶性糖组分含量水平及其分布和定量关系。结果表明,苹果中的可溶性糖以果糖为主,其次是蔗糖和葡萄糖,山梨醇含量最低,约4/5的品种蔗糖含量高于葡萄糖含量;含量离散度山梨醇葡萄糖蔗糖果糖;果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度值、TSS和SS均服从正态分布,去掉个别拖尾品种后葡萄糖含量和山梨醇含量也呈正态分布;果糖含量与甜度值之间、TSS与SS之间均存在极显著一元线性关系,相关系数达0.9450和0.8797;TSS、SS均存在关于其他指标的多元线性模型,且拟合精度和预测精度很高。     

野生匍匐翦股颖与引进品种光合日变化比较

利用Li-6400光合仪研究了田间自然条件下3种野生匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L.)05GA5、05GA8、05GA11居群和对照品种普特(Putter)的光合作用日变化特征.结果表明,①4个材料净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化曲线均呈"双峰"型,都存在明显的光合"午休"现象;且05GA5的Pn、Tr、Gs值都高于其他材料,表明其具有很强的光合能力和对极端高温环境的适应能力.②根据Pn、Ci、气孔限制值(k)的变化方向,推测05GA5、CK的光合"午休"主要受气孔因素限制,05GA8、05GA11主要受气孔和非气孔因素限制.③相关分析结果表明,夏季的光照对05GA5、05GA8、CK都有很大影响,相关系数分别为0.750,0.876,0.756,而对05GA11的影响不大.从总的相关系数大小来看,对Pn影响最大的因子是PAR,其次是Ta、Ca、RH.