复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子生长的补偿效应

为明确复水对糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,建立糜子抗旱节水栽培技术体系,以榆糜2号为试验材料,采用盆栽控水方式,研究复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特征的动态变化。结果表明,随胁迫程度的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,糜子功能叶片自下而上依次衰老,其叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升。复水后,中度水分胁迫拔节期复水效果最佳,糜子顶三叶叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD和POD活性分别比对照高出7.65%、4.20%、5.30和3.52%,表现出超补偿效应;开花期复水产生了等量补偿效应;重度水分胁迫条件下,拔节期复水对糜子叶片SOD、POD产生了部分补偿效应,对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量产生了等量补偿效应;开花期复水后各指标的补偿效果不明显。相关分析表明,糜子产量与生育后期各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关,与POD活性呈显著正相关,MDA含量与产量呈现显著负相关。拔节期复水对中度水分胁迫下糜子生长的补偿效应最佳。     

谷子抗除草剂基因的发现及其应用

谷子田间除草一直是阻碍谷子产业化发展的主要因素之一。谷子抗除草剂品种的出现,解决了谷子田间除草难的问题,有利于谷子大面积的栽培,使谷子产业化发展成为可能。本文围绕谷子抗除草剂基因的发现、类型和机理以及抗除草剂品种在谷子生产中的应用情况等方面进行阐述,探讨谷子抗除草剂应用对环境的影响,并对谷子抗除草剂研究中存在的问题及应用前景进行了展望。     

Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

大豆抗食心虫性的遗传及抗虫育种方法研究——Ⅱ.开花期和成熟期与虫食率的关系

以一个营养生长期长的有限型大豆品系通交83—932与营养生长期短的无限型品系公交8324—19和亚有限型品种吉林27号杂交获得开花期和生育期广泛分离的F_2群体,在虫害大发生的条件下靠自然害虫群体在田间鉴定了亲本,F_1和F_2代的抗虫性,研究了开花期和成熟期对大豆抗虫性表现的影响。结果表明,三个组合F_2代单株的虫食率与开花期和成熟期均呈极显著负相关。开花期和虫食率间的关系较复杂,受多种因素的影响,可以用多项式曲线拟合。对一组正反交组合的研究表明,用营养生长期长的材料做母本时,F_2代低虫食率单株的频率显著高于其反交组合。在抗虫筛选中,按成熟期严格分组,在组内进行抗虫性选择有助于减少生育期的干拢,提高准确性。     

Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.     

谷子新品系抗除草剂试验

通过对抗除草剂阿特拉津谷子新品系DSB98-625SR喷施不同剂量的除草剂试验，结果表明各处理与对照比较具有一定的增产作用；而以2.25kg/hm^2除草效果与产量为最佳。目前我们巳进行杂交育种，预期选育出较为理想的抗除草剂阿特拉津的谷子新品系应用于生产。     

Genetics of Five Seed Esterase Isozymes in Pearl Millet

Inheritance and linkage relationships of pearl millet seed esterase isozymes were studied using; polyacrylamide dise: gel electrophoresis and α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. The Zone of enzyme activity was resolved into five bands. The presence of a band showed complete dominance over its absence. Each one of the bands (1 to 4) was under the control of a single gene. Band five was found to be controlled by three independent loci with duplicate gent action Loci for Est₁, Est₃ and Est₄ Were found to be linked. Est₂ Was independent of this linkage group.     

Estimates of stability for comparing varieties

Summary For purposes of comparison of analytical methods the yield data on pearl millet hybrids and varieties for five years from locations in India and Pakistan have been analysed using a regression analysis and a meanstandard deviation analysis. The results of the mean-standard deviation analysis and the regression analysis were similar whether carried out on all environments, or on the highest- and lowest-yielding sets of environments. This was substantiated by the remarkable correlation between the slopes from the regression analysis and the standard deviations whatever environmental set was considered. The validity of using a single year's across location data with the mean-standard deviation analysis, if choice-theoretic criteria are used, was examined. It is concluded that, although further confirmation is required, single-year data seem to suffice. The relative merits of the mean-standard deviation analysis and a regression analysis are discussed; the choice-theoretic framework of the mean-standard deviation analysis is advantageous and complementary to the regression analysis.     

Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.

Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F₁ hybrids, F₂ selfed derived populations and BC₁ backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F₂ and 1:1 in BC₁) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Indentification of true genetic dwarfing sources in foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.)

Summary True genetic dwarfs hither-to not reported have been located in foxtail millet. The dwarfs as a group distinguished themselves from the talls in having altered constellation of characters. The morphological differences were highly significant for plant height, internodal length, and tillering potential. The talls had elongated internodes compared to dwarfs while there was no difference for node number on the main stem suggesting that short internodal length was primarily responsible for dwarfism. The dwarfs also showed slightly higher leaf number per plant, leaf area and harvest index compared to talls. The dwarfs were insensitive to exogenous GA₃ application indicating that GA₃ synthesis is not impaired. This suggests that dwarfing gene sources presently identified are true genetic dwarfs and their behaviour is similar to dwarfs derived from Norin 10 in wheat and Dee-geo-woo-gen in rice. The superior morphological frame makes these dwarfs ideal as far as plant type is concerned and offers immense potentialities in breeding high yielding foxtail millets.