奶牛挤奶次数与泌乳期对鲜乳品质的影响

在奶牛泌乳期内分别采用每日2次或3次挤乳方式,以及在泌乳中期(100d)和泌乳后期(200d)由每日挤乳2次转换为3次。测定第1,第2和第3泌乳胎次以上奶牛的鲜乳产量及品质。结果表明,整个泌乳期采用每日3次挤乳方式,鲜乳产量增加10.4%,则鲜乳中蛋白质含量降低;在泌乳中期,鲜乳中酪蛋白占总蛋白的比例提高;而在泌乳前期和中期,鲜乳的酸度(ADV)提高。第2泌乳胎次以上的奶牛,在泌乳前期鲜乳的蛋白质含量和ADV值较高。第3泌乳胎次以上的奶牛,鲜乳中酪蛋白占总蛋白的比例较低,而胞浆素活性较高。在泌乳后期,即随着奶牛泌乳胎次的增加,鲜乳中酪蛋白占总蛋白的比例显著降低,而胞浆素活性随之增加。由于原料乳的起始ADV值较高,制备的液态乳制品在冷藏期间的ADV值继续增加,可能导致产品在货架期内较早地表现出腐败异味。     

高产奶牛挤奶量挤奶时间相关数学模型的建立

在采用挤奶机进行挤奶的挤奶厅里,利用人均挤奶头数来评估挤奶厅设备设施运行效能的方法已愈来愈被人们所接受。在进行挤奶厅工艺设计和挤奶设备选型时必须以奶牛的班次挤奶量及其挤奶时间作为基本设计依据。然而,奶牛的上述参数,随个体差异很大。本文在收集了大量实时观测的数据基础上,用曲线回归分析法处理了试验数据建立了以荷茨坦奶牛为主要品种的高产奶牛班次挤奶量及其相应的挤奶时间相互关系间的数学模型,为进行挤奶厅的工艺设计提供了基本计算公式。     

活塞式挤奶机节拍比与真空时相比测试研究

挤奶机的节拍比、最大和最小真空时相比是影响挤奶机正常工作、挤奶速度、乳牛健康等的因素，该文利用电测技术，分别在空载和带载两种状态下，测试和分析研究了活塞式挤奶机的节拍比、最大真空时相比和最小真空时相比，通过测试分析表明，所研究活塞式挤奶机的节拍比、最小真空时相比、最大真空时相比均不完全满足标准规定值。     

北方寒冷地区机械化集中挤奶站的研究

黑龙江省委省政府提出,到2010年要把畜牧业建设成为农业经济的“半壁江山”,并将奶牛生产列为突出发展的重点和优先产业。这为黑龙江省奶牛业的再次腾飞创造了极其有利的机遇。为此,从乳业发展的必然趋势出发,研究了适合于北方寒冷地区的机械化集中挤奶站,论述了奶站的布局和设备系统。     

The effects of feeding frequency on waiting time,milking frequency,cubicle and feeding fence utilization for cows in an automatic milking system

Abstract

In this trial, the effects of the forage feeding frequency on the waiting time prior to milking and the cowshed facility utilization by cows milked in an automatic milking unit (AMU) were studied. The feeding frequency was increased from two times per day to six times per day. It was found that the average waiting time per visit for cows using the AMU was reduced from 755 s to 351 s when the feeding frequency was increased. The daily number of visits (milking visit, failed milking visit and not qualified visit) to the AMU was not affected by the change in feeding frequency. It was also found that increasing the feeding frequency had a positive effect on utilization of the cowshed facilities, such as the occupation of the feeding fence, and on the cowshed facilities in the waiting area (cubicles) of the AMU.     

关中地区规模化奶山羊养殖场机器挤奶现状及建议

对陕西省关中地区31个不同规模的奶山羊养殖场使用机器挤奶的相关数据及资料进行分析。结果表明,不同奶山羊养殖场规模、挤奶设备、挤奶时间、质检方式和羊奶售价等方面均存在差异;机器挤奶流程、挤奶次数和环境卫生等影响到奶山羊乳房健康和羊奶品质。应加强对养殖场挤奶机器的管理,规范机器挤奶技术流程,提高奶山羊养殖场生产效益。     

Effects of short period frequent milking on milk yield and udder health in Turkish Saanen goats

The major purpose of this study was to investigate whether increasing milking frequency for a short period (21 days) increases milk yield and milk components and improves udder health throughout lactation in Turkish Saanen goats. Two groups were formed (control, n = 14, treatment, n = 14); balanced by parity, bodyweight and birth type to make them homogenous. Feeding and management practices were the same for both groups. The treatment group was milked four times a day (4×) for 21 days after weaning whereas the control group was milked twice a day (2×). All the animals were milked twice daily thereafter. The pyronin methyl green stain method was used to estimate the somatic cell count (SCC), which is an indication of udder health. This method provided a count that excluded RNA and background noise while including cells with DNA. Repeated measures analyses indicated that overall differences between the 2× and 4× groups were significant for the morning, evening and total test day milk yields, in that values for the 4× group were increased 14.7, 8.8 and 12.1%, respectively. Differences between the groups for SCC were not significant. The results of this study indicate that increasing milking frequency to 4×, even for a short time (21 days), increases overall milk yield throughout lactation in dairy goats.     

不同挤奶次数对奶牛产奶量的影响分析

[目的]分析增加挤奶次数对不同阶段泌乳奶牛产奶量的提升,找出最佳挤奶管理方案,为有效提升牧场效益提供理论依据。[方法]将泌乳牛只随机分为两组,保证不同胎次、不同产犊阶段平均泌乳量相当,分组后两组分别保持3次挤奶和4次挤奶1个月。对牧场不同挤奶次数奶牛泌乳量进行统计汇总整理分析。[结果]增加挤奶次数能有效提高奶牛泌乳量（P<0.05）;泌乳量高于45 kg奶牛增加挤奶次数对产奶量的提升,显著高于泌乳量低于45 kg的奶量（P<0.05）;增加挤奶次数显著提升头胎牛产量2.33 kg,二胎牛产量2.31 kg,三胎及以上牛奶产量2.78 kg(P<0.05);不同泌乳阶段,增加挤奶次数能有效提高泌乳初期及产奶高峰期的产奶量（P<0.05）。[结论]增加挤奶次数能有效提升奶牛泌乳量,对高产及处于产奶初期及高峰期的奶牛提升效果最佳。     

Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator

Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high‐producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk‐meter and vacuum shut‐off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum.     

菠萝皮对乳用牛产奶量的影响

[目的]本试验主要研究菠萝皮对泌乳牛的催奶效果。[方法]挑选30头健康的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,随机分为2组,分别为试验组和对照组,每组15头,试验期间,定期记录试验牛的日产奶量,观察膘情和其他相关体征。[结果]显示：试验期间试验组牛的日均产奶量是16.49kg,比对照组牛的15.88kg提高了0.61kg,可创造1.496元...