含蛋氨酸二肽影响奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白合成相关基因表达

本试验旨在研究含蛋氨酸(Met)二肽对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)内乳蛋白合成相关基因表达的影响。试验分3部分,均采用单因子完全随机试验设计,Met的添加浓度及培养时间分别为60μg/m L(0.402 mmol/L)、48 h。第1部分,培养液添加8种含Met二肽[蛋氨酸-蛋氨酸(P-Met-Met)、蛋氨酸-赖氨酸(P-Met-Lys)、蛋氨酸-色氨酸(P-Met-Trp)、蛋氨酸-苯丙氨酸(P-Met-Phe)、蛋氨酸-苏氨酸(P-Met-Thr)、蛋氨酸-异亮氨酸(P-Met-Ile)、蛋氨酸-亮氨酸(P-Met-Leu)、蛋氨酸-缬氨酸(P-Met-Val)],以不添加二肽为对照,测定BMECs乳蛋白合成相关基因(αs1-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白、κ-酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、Ⅱ型小肽转运载体和氨肽酶氮)的表达量;第2部分,培养液添加8种与上述二肽对应的游离氨基酸(F-Met-Met、F-Met-Lys、F-MetTrp、F-M et-Phe、F-M et-Thr、F-M et-Ile、F-M et-Leu、F-M et-Val),以不添加游离氨基酸为对照,测定BM ECs乳蛋白合成相关基因的表达量;第3部分,用二肽等物质的量替代相应游离氨基酸,测定BMECs乳蛋白合成相关基因的表达量以及细胞内外氨肽酶含量。结果表明:P-Met-Met和P-M et-Lys组较对照组和其他二肽组上调了αs1-酪蛋白和β-酪蛋白基因的表达量,且P-M et-M et组优于P-Met-Lys组。F-Met-Met和F-Met-Lys组较对照组和其他游离氨基酸组显著提高了αs1-酪蛋白基因的表达量(P0.05)。除P-Met-Val和P-Met-Leu组外,其他二肽替代游离氨基酸后均不同程度地提高了乳蛋白和Ⅱ型小肽转运载体基因的表达量,其中P-Met-Met表现出较好的促进效果。总之,含Met二肽等量替代对应的游离氨基酸能够促进乳蛋白基因的表达,其中尤以P-Met-Met的效果最好。     

中红外光谱技术在牛奶营养物质预测及奶牛相关特性分析上的应用

近年来,许多研究表明采用中红外光谱(MIRS)分析技术能够对牛奶中各营养物质(如脂肪酸、蛋白质和矿物质)及潜在的有害物质(如掺杂物、抗生素)进行实时、快速和准确地定量分析,并以此建立预测模型来对奶牛的营养(如饲料转化率、能量利用效率和甲烷排放)、健康(如乳房炎和代谢性疾病)和生殖生理与繁殖状况进行鉴定、评估和筛选,从而为优化畜牧养殖业生产方式,发展创新畜牧养殖业循环经济模式,实现低碳、健康和可持续发展提供有效的技术保障。因此本文主要就近年来国际上最新的关于MIRS分析技术在牛奶营养物质测定及奶牛相关特性分析方面的研究进展进行综述。     

代乳料原料组成对早期断奶羔羊生长及脏器发育的影响

为了探讨代乳料原料的不同组合效应对早期断奶羔羊的饲喂效果,选取25只甘肃高山细毛羔羊,分为5组,每组5只,对照组羔羊由母羊自由哺乳和放牧;试验组羔羊30日龄断奶,饲喂4种代乳料:A组主原料未膨化,B组主原料膨化,C组主原料膨化+血浆蛋白粉,D组在C组基础上增加乳清粉。试验期为30~90日龄。结果表明:50、70日龄时,对照组羔羊体质量最大,试验组羔羊受断奶应激的影响,相应指标较小。90日龄时,D组体质量显著高于B、C组(P0.05),超过了对照组。30~90日龄阶段,D组日增体质量最大,且显著高于B、C组(P0.05)。对照组脾脏质量显著高于4个试验组(P0.05),且脾脏指数最高。说明在代乳料中添加血浆蛋白粉及增加乳清粉,有利于羔羊健康发育,使代乳料的饲喂效果最佳。     

基于移动端作物大田测试数据采集技术研究与实现

作物品种田间测试是评价、筛选新品种不可或缺的关键环节，是品种大规模推广应用的主要依据。育种单位每年试验小区数量巨大，单一育种公司每年新产生大约1 000万个数据点，依靠传统的人工纸质录入效率低、错误率高。针对测试数据田间野外录入的特点，研究设计了一套高效的测试数据快速录入、及时传输的技术方案，并详细介绍了客户端与服务器数据交互融合、拍照采集条码、数据分块存取等关键技术。该系统进行了Windows Mobile 6.1及以上多个手机平台的应用测试，结果表明此方法是高效可行的。     

纳税申报电子信息采集系统设计

电子报税是我国税制改革的一个重要组成部分,根据电子报税的具体要求确定了系统的功能模块、开发及运行平台和网络拓扑结构,并按照系统工程原则,用现代软件技术设计了纳税申报电子信息采集系统。     

青贮笋壳对奶牛生产性能及部分血清生化指标的影响

为研究青贮笋壳在奶牛生产中的应用效果，试验选用15头健康荷斯坦奶牛随机分成3组，即对照组、试验1组（6 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中1.5 kg的苜蓿干草）和试验2组（9 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中2.5 kg的苜蓿干草），进行为期60 d的饲养试验，其中预饲期10 d，正式期50 d。试验结果表明，试验1组产奶量较对照组和试验2组有所提高，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），试验1组4%标准奶产量则显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05）。试验1组乳脂率显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05），其他乳成分含量各试验组均较对照组有所改善（P＞0.05）。奶牛各项血清生化指标试验组和对照组间无显著差异，均处于正常生理范围。因此，青贮笋壳可以替代部分苜蓿干草在奶牛日粮中使用。     

饮水温度对崂山奶山羊产奶性能的影响

为了研究在寒冷季节饮水温度对崂山奶山羊产奶量及主要乳成分的影响,给奶山羊饮用16、22、28℃的温水,以自然水温为对照,结果发现:奶山羊的饮水量和产奶量随水温升高而增加,从低到高其产奶量比CK组产奶量分别显著提高16.2%、18.4%、23.1%(P<0.05);随饮水温度升高,乳脂率和乳蛋白率整体呈现递减趋势,但22℃组高于16℃组和28℃组,建议在冬季寒冷季节给奶山羊饮用22℃温水为宜,既能保证产奶量又对乳品质影响较小。     

Discussion on the Bibliographic Collection in Multi-Campus University Libraries under the dynamic Taking Library of Shandong Agricultural University as an Example

通过调查统计分析多校区多学科动态变化对图书馆馆藏文献配置典藏工作带来的影响,结合山东农业大学图书馆实际工作情况,提出了动态环境下文献配置典藏策略。     

Evaluating Sugarcane Diets for Dairy Cows Using a Digestion Model

To eliminate unnecessary feeding trials, a mechanistic model of sugarcane digestion was used in the search for suitable supplements to improve milk production. Milk production simulated by the model was compared with data observed in four feeding trials published in the tropical literature where crossbred dairy cows were fed sugarcane/urea diets with different types of supplements. The predicted effects of the supplements on the ruminal microbial population, concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were also compared with the published results in one experiment. The model indicated the nutrient most limiting milk production for the different feeding situations. The addtion of Leucaena to the basal sugarcane/urea improved the availability of amino acids and long-chain fatty acids, with energy becoming the limiting factor. Supplementation with rice bran increased the availability of energy and long-chain fatty acids, but amino acids then became the limiting factor. Supplementation with both Leucaena and rice bran further improved the milk yield, but availability of energy now limited milk production. Supplementation with Leucaena increased milk production more than supplementation with king grass. The main reason for this increase was increased amino acid absorption due to increased microbial outflow. In all feeding situations, the average difference between the predicted milk production and that observed experimentally was 0.57 kg/d (ranging from 0.08 to 1 kg/d).     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.