Effects of disturbance on small mammal community structure in the New Jersey Pinelands, USA

We compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on Warren Grove Gunnery Range (WGR) in the New Jersey Pinelands. WGR is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare ecosystem. Disturbance in the form of fire, mowing, soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and distribution. Of the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands, 9 live on WGR, including large populations of the southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1858) and meadow jumping mouse [Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780)]. Simpson's Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in uplands. White-footed mouse [Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)] was the most common species on WGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity indices. It dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats, whereas all 9 species occurred in wetlands. Principal components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats, due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland sites. Meadow jumping mice, southern bog lemmings and red-back voles [Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)] were positively correlated with wetland habitats, and pine voles [Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830)], short-tail shrews [Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)] and eastern chipmunks [Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)] were associated with uplands. Habitat heterogeneity at WGR, including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species.     

关于高职院校校园文化建设的思考

高职院校校园文化建设对于培养具有正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,具有创新精神和实践能力的高素质技能型人才有着重要作用。当前校园文化建设存在建设主体认知偏差、忽视制度与精神建设、缺少院校特色和流于形式等方面问题。因此,应采取积极措施,更新观念,重视精神文化建设,体现高职特色,提高校园文化建设水平,从而促进高职院校校园文化的健康持续发展。     

新型农业科技成果转化模式的探索与思考——以湖北省农业科学院院县共建科技专家大院成果推广模式为例

科技成果只有通过转化才能成为现实生产力,科技成果转化是实现科技与经济相结合的重要纽带。文章以湖北省农业科学院开展的院县共建科技专家大院成果推广模式为例,阐述了其在推动科技成果转化、促进保障体系建设及加强产学研合作等方面的做法和经验,简述了其在增强科技支撑作用、提高农民科学文化素质、加强科技与经济相结合等方面取得的成效,并提出了完善支持院县共建科技专家大院建设的政策措施、建立多元化支持院县共建科技专家大院建设的投入机制等对策和思路,以期进一步加强院县共建科技专家大院建设。     

元朝国子学生员问题探析

元朝国子学是元朝中央官学之一。在国子学中实际就读的生员基本上可分为国子生、伴读和陪堂生三种。其中,国子生和伴读是享有官给廪饩的公助生,而陪堂生则是不享有官给廪饩的自费生。对这些学生的入学资格从入学年龄、民族构成、生员人数、入学身份等方面都有明确而具体的规定;国子学生员的仕途主要有岁贡和科举两条途径。     

"书院文物"定义界定初探

中国书院文物是中国文物宝库中的重要组成部分,是研究书院历史文化的重要物证.然而,由于诸多原因,尚未有书院文物定义的界定.本文就书院文物的定义界定及其理论依据和文物学背景、书院文物的内涵与功能及价值,在理论上作出了尝试性的探讨与研究.     

韩国书院研究动向综述

从明代永乐年间开始,中国书院东传到朝鲜,形成了几乎与李朝相始终的朝鲜书院制度,450余年间,创建书院903所,其数甚大,遍布半岛。如同在中国本土一样,它与学术思想连为一体,造就了其立国的文化基础。由于文化土壤的不同,朝鲜书院形成了自己的特色。本文分时代、书院的机能与作用、书院的经济基础三大部分,比较全面地介绍了韩国学者研究朝鲜书院的动态,涉及主要论著与观点,可资借鉴。     

在军医大学开展健康教育的思考

军医大学学员掌握了丰富的医学知识，具有进行健康教育的有利条件，他们是部队健康教育工作的专业人才。为培养军医大学学员的健康教育方法和技能，提高他们组织管理部队卫生工作的能力，文中从军医大学健康教育课程的教学内容、教学方式以及开设时间等方面提出了一些建议，以期提高军医大学学员健康教育能力，毕业后适应和满足第一任职的需要。     

当前我国农业科技成果转化调研分析

加快农业科技成果转化,提高农业科技进步贡献率,既是农业科技发展的应有之义,也是推动现代农业发展迈上新台阶的迫切需求。当前,我国社会经济发展已进入新时代,无论是实施乡村振兴战略,还是实现农业农村高质量发展,均对农业科技提出了更新、更高的要求。因此,站在更高的起点,以更高的质量来促进农业科技成果转化,就显得尤为重要。文章深入分析了我国农业科技成果转化的现状与问题,从完善农业科技成果的供给和熟化机制、加强农业科技成果转化人才培养、完善创新创业和兼职兼薪制度、强化中央地方统筹协调、加强数据分析和战略研究等方面,提出了我国农业科技成果转化在当前及今后一段时期的政策建议。     

Soil properties and perceived disturbance of grasslands subjected to mechanized military training: evaluation of an index

Mechanized maneuver training impacts the landscape by creating depressions, compacting soils, producing bare ground areas, transporting seeds of invasive plants, and crushing vegetation. We measured 3 physical, 13 chemical, and 2 biological soil properties and used a disturbance index (DI) based on perceptions of soil conditions on a military installation to assess the condition of 100 × 100 m plots (1 ha): 10 in 2002 and 10 in 2004. Potential DI scores range from 0 (no appreciable evidence of disturbance) to 1 (>95 per cent of the plot disturbed). Bulk density, porosity (%), and water content (%)—all at 5·1–10·0 cm depth, and nematode family richness (NFR) were significantly, negatively correlated (Spearman coefficients, r_s) with the DI of both years. The strong negative correlation (r_s = −0·69 in 2002, −0·79 in 2004) of NFR with the DI appears to reflect the status of nematode diversity and, therefore, may serve as a useful, inexpensive approach to rapidly assessing grasslands subjected to mechanized military training. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.