Interspecific hybridisation between alien and native plant species in Germany and its consequences for native biodiversity

We explored the extent of interspecific hybridisation between alien and native plant species in Germany with a special focus on the potential threat for native biodiversity. In total we listed 134 hybrids which are interpreted as products of hybridisation between 81 alien and 109 native plant species (including 13 archeophytes) that occur in Germany. Seventy-five of these hybrids have been recorded in Germany, while the remaining 59 hybrids have not been detected in Germany yet, although both parental species currently occur in Germany. Interspecific hybridisation between abundant alien and rare native species can threaten populations of the native species through outbreeding depression and/or through high rates of gene flow swamping native populations. We identified 37 threatened native plant species which hybridise with aliens. Seventeen of these threatened plant species may suffer from outbreeding depression when hybridising with a more abundant alien invader (minority disadvantage). Using hybrid abundance as an indicator of hybrid fitness we argue that introgression of alien genes may affect the gene pool of eight threatened native plant species. Consequently, hybridisation with aliens has to be considered as an additional risk potentially leading to a loss of biodiversity and should be included in the repertoire of causes for rare species extinction in German Red Lists of threatened plant species.     

抗抑郁治疗对不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者近期预后的影响

目的 :观察抗抑郁治疗对不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者近期预后的影响。方法 :将 68例不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁的患者随机分为抗抑郁治疗组和对照组各 34例 ,治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上予心理治疗及加服抗抑郁药氟西汀 (百忧解 ) 2 0 mg/d,顿服 ,疗程为 1 2周。结果 :治疗组与对照组比较 ,心肌缺血明显改善 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,心绞痛复发率及发生急性心肌梗死比例低 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :抗抑郁治疗能明显改善不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者的近期预后。     

The Quadraplex Tetraploids Hybrids and Duplex Tetraploids Hybrids Are Responsible for Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression in Maize

The maize quadraplex tetraploids and duplex tetraploids were developed using Kato's protocols. The phenotype of heterosis and inbreeding depression over generations in their parents and progenies of F1, F2 and F3 were investigated.The results indicated that different duplex tetraploids have different genetic backgrounds, but they acquire maximum heterosis at same traits, such as the leaf length, leaf width, culm circumference and days to flowering. P.N. rises much faster from the F2 to F3 segment than the A.W. does for the plant height in duplex tetraploids. In comparing duplex and quadraplex over a generation the quadriplex is showing the greatest heterosis in plant height, leaf height, leaf width and days to flowering. Most of the examples achieve the maximum heterosis at Qu F2, with the exception of culm circumference,which achieves greatest heterosis at PNAW F1. Meanwhile, this experiment shows that quadraplex tetraploids has distinct additional favorable alleles that are not contained in duplex tetraploid, this is demonstrated by the heterosis found in crosses between the two duplex tetraploid. This finding helps explain quadraploids superiority and unique breeding behavior, in which, the progressive heterosis and inbreeding depression in maize are due mainly to linkage disequilibrium.The severe inbreeding depression in duplex tetraploids is due mainly to the rapid loss of complementary chromosomes or genes interactions in the first few generation of inbreeding. Correspondingly, the progressive heterosis in quadraplex tetraploids is due mainly to a progressive increase in complementarities of homologous chromosomes or genes interactions.Greater complementarities of homologous chromosomes or genes interactions in tetraploids maize alse helps explain recent molecular biology research indicating that some of traits in quadraplex tetraploids are more responsive to genetic diversity than in duplex tetraploids. In addition, the dosage effect of polyploid in relation to the genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression were discussed also.     

孕期心理干预对改善孕产妇心理状况的研究

目的：探讨孕期心理干预对改善孕产妇心理状况的可行措施。方法：随机将孕妇分为2组并随访至产后2周（非心理干预组402人，随访至产后2周者356人；心理干预组323人，随访至产后2周者287人），心理干预组孕妇分孕早期、孕中期和孕晚期进行三阶段的心理干预，孕期调查用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HAD），产后2周调查用艾迪产后抑郁量表（EPDS）并增加本次有关妊娠、分娩前后的生活事件等内容并进行比较。结果：心理干预组孕妇临产前焦虑和抑郁情绪均分值明显低于非心理干预组，其焦虑和抑郁情绪发生率也明显低于心理干预组，差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；产后抑郁症发生率明显低于非心理干预组（P＜0．01）。对其潜在心理背景分析表明：心理干预组的孕产妇在妊娠心境、产后育儿、与社会家人关系等得到明显改善（P＜0．01）；而对来自分娩周围环境、分娩疼痛等压力无明显改善，与非心理干预组比较差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论：孕期心理干预可明显改善孕产妇的心理状况和降低产后抑郁症的发生率。     

管输原油分子筛降凝工艺的可行性

当前我国东部油区已进入了低产阶段,导致管道低输量或超低输量运行,给管道输送带来了不能满足热力工况而产生的难输问题。虽然采取了热处理及降凝剂等方法,对原油进行了改性,降低其凝固点和粘度,改善了流动性,但是,由于原油的改性处理有局限性,一是降凝减粘幅度有限,二是改性原油存在时效性问题,所以仍不能彻底解决原油管输的困难。为此,提出了对管输原油进行一次改质初加工,降低原油的凝固点和粘度,从根本上改善了原油的低温流动性。移植“分子筛非临氢降凝工艺”,并选用了三种不同种类的原油进行分子筛降凝减粘试验,取得了初步效果。将该工艺应用到原油管道输送,需在输油管道的首站增设一座原油分子筛降凝减粘装置。     

自交衰退新解

本文在综合基因组学、系统生物学、现代分子生物学最新发展的基础上,提出了遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退新假说。遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退假说认为：由于同源染色体遗传物质存在差异,存在差异的遗传物质在自交后有不存在于自交子代的可能,从而造成自交子代相对于亲本的遗传物质缺失,致使自交子代衰退。本文通过一个实例论证这一假说,并运用这一假说解释三个遗传学现象。最后,比较隐性有害基因纯合致使自交衰退和多基因平衡破坏致使自交衰退学说的错误,并从遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退的角度解析了杂种优势。     

The occurrence of phalaris staggers in sheep

Extract

Typical cases of the “staggers” syndrome associated with Phalaris tuberosa poisoning occurred at Invermay Research Station in October, 1954. It is being recorded because detailed records of pasture management and climatic conditions are available for the period when symptoms were seen, also the pasture composition of the Phalaris plot.     

杉木种子发芽率和苗木高生长的近交效应

在杉木种子园中对6个无亲缘关系的无性系进行了双列杂交,包括自交。同时取亲本的自由授扮种子作为对照。在他们的子代林中,取一个全同胞家系和一个自由授粉家系,各选4至6株开花植株连同它们的亲本,分别进行自交、回交、同胞内交配和异交测定。结果表明,杉木近交使得种子发芽率和苗木高生长量大幅度下降。近交衰退随着近交系数(F)的增加而加大。同异交相比,自交、回交和全同胞交配、半同胞交配组合的种子发芽率分别平均降低约88％、42％和20％,苗木平均高度分别下降27％、17％和13％左右。结果也显示,在不同个体之间近交衰退程度存在明显差异。     

ST segment depression and ventricular fibrillation in a dog after contrast agent administration

An 11-year-old Toy Poodle underwent a computed tomography examination with contrast (iohexol) enhancement under anesthesia. Heart rate and R-wave amplitude on electrocardiogram (ECG) increased 2.5 min after iohexol administration, and end-tidal carbon dioxide decreased to 12 mmHg. A progressive ST segment depression was observed on ECG. Subsequently, the ECG waveform changed to ventricular fibrillation. However, spontaneous circulation returned following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Myocardial ischemia or anaphylactic shock was suspected in the dog, which explains the ST segment depression observed on ECG. When performing radiological examinations with a contrast agent, the ECG waveform changes, such as an increase in heart rate, R-wave amplitude, or ST segment depression, should be carefully monitored. This might enable early detection of cardiac dysfunction and the ensuing cardiac arrest in dogs.     

Relationship between inbreeding coefficients and plant height of 1-year-old seedlings in crosses among Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cultivars/selections

Plant height, a vigor trait, in 1-year-old seedlings made from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars/selections was measured using 994 individuals from 29 families. The family mean of plant height was negatively correlated (r = −0.72**) to the inbreeding coefficients (F). The regression of the family mean (Fm) on the F value (Fm = 130 − 104F) showed that inbreeding depressions were 8%, 20%, and 40% for F = 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5, respectively. According to the regression, the family mean at F = 0 was estimated at 130 cm. These results showed that the vigor was greatly influenced by inbreeding in Japanese pear. Within-family variances, the genetic segregation of offspring in a family, differed according to family. The proportions of offspring with plant height above 130 cm (estimated Fm for F = 0) were extremely low, i.e., 0–17% for 0.5 ≤ F < 0.60 and 0–8% for F = 0.75.