‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜优质栽培技术探讨

‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜是当前我国的高档优质果品,以其果大肉厚、耐贮运及独特的风味,深受人们喜爱。近年来,在北京、上海等大中城市十分畅销,产值极高。开展合理栽培对提高‘珍珠蜜’网纹甜瓜的产量、改善品质、降低成本、提高市场竞争力、促进主产区的经济发展、增加农民收入等具有十分重要的意义。     

鱼肠道弧菌免疫检测方法的研究

采用灭活的鱼肠道弧菌作为抗原,制备兔抗血清,建立了鱼肠道弧菌的间接荧光抗体检测技术(indirect im-munofluorescence assay test,IFAT)、Western-blotting免疫印迹检测技术。IFAT结果显示阳性信号覆盖整个菌体,明亮,清晰,荧光信号呈长弧形且两端钝圆,与鱼肠道弧菌形状一致。Western-blotting结果显示共10条蛋白带发生免疫反应,其中6条蛋白带结果较清晰,显示出较强的特异性免疫反应,阴性对照组无条带。IFAT和Western-blotting结果说明所建立检测方法能够准确、快速的检测出鱼肠道弧菌。     

长春花感染柑橘黄龙病菌微波热处理防控效果

为探索黄龙病防治途径,开展微波热处理对黄龙病的防控效果研究。该研究搭建了微波热处理平台,对长春花微波热处理参数（转盘转速、单个磁控管的微波功率、磁控管数量）进行优化,并用优化后的参数组合对感病长春花进行热处理,处理后90 d内跟踪检测长春花叶片中黄龙病菌的浓度、淀粉和类黄酮的含量。结果表明,长春花微波热处理的最优参数组合为单个磁控管的微波功率150 W、3个磁控管、转速15 r/min;热处理90 d后,感病长春花叶片中的黄龙病菌Ct值（阈值循环数,该值低于32时为阳性）由阳性(17.01±0.97)转至近阴性（31.91±2.35）,病菌浓度下降了99.98%,淀粉含量和类黄酮含量恢复至正常水平,植株的活性恢复较好。研究表明,微波热处理有效抑制植物体内的黄龙病菌,可为黄龙病的规模化防治提供新思路。     

基于转换点调控的怀山药多相态微波干燥及品质特性

为解决冻干和冻干-微波真空联合干燥技术存在的耗时长、能耗高、设备成本高等问题,同时获得品质较好的干制品,以怀山药为对象开展多相态微波干燥(multiphase microwave drying,MMD)研究,通过不同微波功率加载方案实现转换点调控,探究转换点干基含水率（0.36、0.59、0.79 g/g）对怀山药干制品品质的影响。并以真空冷冻干燥、微波冷冻干燥和微波真空干燥为对照,研究不同干燥方式对怀山药干燥特性、能耗和品质特性（复水性、收缩率、色泽、硬度、脆度、微观结构）的影响。结果表明：随着微波功率水平的增加,怀山药MMD转换点干基含水率增大,产品复水性降低,收缩程度增大,硬度变大,细胞结构破损程度增加。MMD方案Ⅰ（转换点干基含水率0.36 g/g）干燥时间与微波冷冻干燥相比缩短31.3%,能耗相比真空冷冻干燥、微波冷冻干燥分别降低68%、34%,同时,所得怀山药干制品具有良好的品质和均匀的微观孔隙结构,其复水比（2.44±0.04）、收缩率（0.88±0.02）、色泽、硬度（4.95±0.45）、脆度（2.48±0.51）与微波冷冻干燥无明显差异（P>0.05）。微波真空干燥虽所需能耗低,但其产品复水性最差,收缩最为严重。综合考虑高效低能耗干燥与产品品质提升的需求,可通过转换点调控的多相态微波干燥实现高品质怀山药加工。     

Remediation of amide pesticide-polluted soils by combined solarization and ozonation treatment

Agriculture has a close relationship with nature, but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental effects. The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice, but their side effects on the environment cannot be disregarded. In this study, we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides (boscalid, chlorantraniliprole, cyflufenamid, fluopyram, napropamide, and propyzamide) in soil. Initial experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions, and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during summer. Fifty days after the onset of the experiments, higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils, particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil depth. The results show that the utilization of ozonation, along with solarization, represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils.     

有色金属压铸成型工艺的模糊智能设计

介绍了专家系统产生式规则与模糊集合相结合的方法，阐述了压铸工艺经验表达的自然语言理解方式。此外，还开发了用以形成模糊专家系统框架核心的推理机制，并通过线性模糊矩阵代数运算予以实现。研究了有色金属压铸成型工艺模糊智能化设计中浇注温度和出模斜度的问题。结果表明，智能设计方法能够有效地表达和组织压铸工艺专家知识。     

抽样技术在森林生物量调查中的应用综述

森林生物量是反映生态系统结构和功能特征的重要指标,也是研究森林生态系统中能量流动与物质循环的基础依据。在满足精度与可靠性的条件下,通过改进样本抽取方法及辅助历史资料,减少抽取样本单元和使样本单元集中是生物量调查要研究的重要问题。生物量空间分布格局是影响调查精度的重要因素,抽样技术是影响调查效率的关键因素,传统等概率抽样在满足规定的精度与可靠性前提下确定的样本单元数仍较多且分散,运用于生物量调查存在局限性。研究适应性抽样技术能基于森林生物量的空间分布格局进行不等概率抽样,能有效提高调查效率,满足不同区域尺度和空间分布特点的生物量估测的实际需要。     

桥梁改建中的植筋技术

植筋技术作为一种新型固化工艺以其施工方便快捷、操作简单、造价低廉被广泛应用与建筑、交通、水利等众多领域,本文详细介绍了植筋技术在桥梁加宽改建工程中应用的施工工艺,供桥梁改建工程施工中参考。     

Zum Einsatz von TRIME-TDR zur Messung der Bodenfeuchte auf leichten Sandböden

Using TRIME-TDR for the determination of soil water dynamics on sandy soils In this study the suitability of the TRIME-TDR system for the determination of soil water content was analysed. For this purpose a period of three years with continuous data of soil water contents, measured by TRIME-TDR, and soil water suction measured by tensiometer were available. Additionally soil samples at different times were taken for gravimetric moisture analysis. The determinations of soil moisture with the TRIME-TDR is based on a new measuring technique. The soil water contents measured by TRIME-TDR were analysed by comparison with corresponding soil moisture values from gravimetric measurements of soil samples. The soil water contents determined by TRIME-TDR in comparison with gravimetric soil moisture values show an absolute mean error of 7.9 Vol%. In most cases the soil water contents measured by TRIME-TDR were distinctly higher than the corresponding soil moisture values from gravimetric measurements. After correcting the TRIME-TDR the absolute mean error was reduced to 2.5 Vol%. Due to the results of this study soil water contents measured by TRIME-TDR-technique cannot be used in hydrological or ecological studies without a check based on the comparison with gravimetric soil moisture values.     

板栗良种基地营建技术研究

在江苏省溧阳市龙潭林场，进行了板优良品种的收集，良种优良，良种繁育，板栗嫩枝扦插等一系列营建技术研究，取得了明显的经济，社会效益。