不同水分条件下磷细菌肥施用效果的研究

在不同水分条件下,施用磷细菌肥料进行盆栽玉米试验,研究表明:菌肥在适宜的水分条件下可显著增加玉米产量、土壤生物量碳和细菌数量,菌肥发挥作用的最适宜土壤水分是15 5%～16 5%。发挥作用的土壤水分下限是10 5%～11 5%。     

新疆干旱区土壤放线菌拮抗植物病原真菌的研究

采用常规方法研究了塔里木盆地的和田和阿克苏两地区土壤中的放线菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗性.结果表明:两地区3种类型的土壤中均有拮抗放线菌存在,占全部供试放线菌的20.4%;和田地区的拮抗放线菌出现的比例高于阿克苏地区;林地土壤中拮抗放线菌株数占相应来源放线菌总数的比例最高,其次为耕作土壤,荒漠土壤中拮抗放线菌比例最低.菌株GTW-03抗植物病原真菌范围较广,抑制效果好,具有开发天然农用杀菌剂的巨大潜力.     

培养液中不同来源肽摄取规律的研究

利用体外批次培养研究了大豆肽、玉米肽和瘤胃肽的摄取规律.结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,3种肽的摄取量与摄取率均显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取速率却显著降低(P＜0.01);当培养液中肽含量增加时,3种来源肽的摄取量显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),摄取速率显著提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取率却显著下降(P＜0.05).对于3种不同肽源来说,培养初期3种肽的摄取量和摄取率没有明显差异(P＞0.05),而摄取速率却存在差异,其中瘤液肽的摄取速率显著高于大豆肽和玉米肽.培养中后期肽含量较高时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于大豆肽(P＜0.05)和玉米肽(P＜0.01);肽含量较低时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于玉米肽(P＜0.05),但与大豆肽差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,肽的来源和结构不同,其摄取规律也有异.     

复合微生物菌剂在牛粪堆肥中的试验研究

对牛粪自然堆肥中好氧纤维素分解菌群进行分离纯化,选出2株霉菌,并结合实验室的原有复合生物菌剂(硅酸盐细菌、固氮菌、有机磷细菌、酵母菌等),设计4个组合,进行牛粪堆肥试验,对堆肥过程中的温度、粗纤维和纤维素酶活性进行跟踪测定,结果表明组合④好氧纤维素分解菌群和原有实验室的微生物菌株组成的复合菌剂可以提高堆温,提前高温期的到来,加速堆肥中有机物的分解从而加速堆肥过程。     

瘤胃微生物体外降解不同来源肽的规律研究

通过体外试验分别研究36、72、144、216、324和450 mg·L-6个水平的大豆肽、玉米肽和瘤胃液肽在瘤胃微生物培养液中的降解规律.结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,3种肽的降解量均显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而降解速率却显著降低(P＜0.01);当培养液中肽含量增加时,3种肽的降解量显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),降解速率显著提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而降解率却显著下降(P＜0.05).对于不同肽源来说,培养初期瘤胃液肽的降解量以及降解速率显著高于玉米肽,培养后期几种来源肽的降解量以及降解速率差异不显著.因此,肽的来源和结构不同,其降解规律也有差异.     

发酵牛羊粪的纤维素分解菌筛选

通过固体培养初选和摇瓶发酵复选,从腐烂的秸秆、腐草、腐树干中筛选获得酶活较高的真菌、放线茵和细菌各2株,将6个菌株分别接种到不同的碳源的牛羊粪中,经过2d培养后测定其CMC酶活.结果表明:不同菌种对同一粪便的酶活力不一样;同一菌株在不同粪便中表现的酶活力也不一样.其中,P2-6和P2-7在牛粪上酶活力最强,P2-6和B2-6及P2-7在羊粪上酶活力较强.最终确定以上3株菌株为牛羊粪堆肥发酵的首选菌株.     

EM活菌制剂在甘蔗上应用效果

以EM活菌水剂、粉剂等,对甘蔗进行应用效果试验,结果表明：施用菌剂比对照（不施用菌剂）出苗率提高3.2%～5.9%,对构成甘蔗产量的有效茎数、株高、茎径等有较好的促进作用,可提高甘蔗产量5100～9400㎏/hm2,增产7.3%～13.5%。锤度比CK增0.27%～1.12%。从经济效益分析看,菌剂浸种、菌剂稀释喷种、菌剂拌肥处理比对照分别增3312、2376、2370元/hm2。建议有条件的地方,可用菌剂浸种的方法;在缺少水源的旱坡地,可用菌剂稀释喷种或菌剂拌肥的方法,在甘蔗上推广应用EM活菌制剂。     

黄土丘陵区土壤生物结皮对土壤微生物分布特征的影响

通过对山西省偏关地区4种主要植被类型和撂荒地土壤生物结皮及下层土壤样本微生物的计数,研究不同植被状况下土壤生物结皮覆盖对土壤微生物生态分布特征的影响,探讨土壤生物结皮的生物学作用及影响土壤微生物数量的因子.结果表明:①在所有微生物类群中细菌数量最大,放线菌次之,真菌最少;②不同植被下土壤微生物数量差异显著(P <0.0...     

土壤: 微生物的最后栖息地?

The question is asked whether soils can be regarded as extreme environments with respect to microorganisms. After defining some extreme environments in a general sense, special properties of extreme environments are compared to soil habitats, with special emphasis laid on time frame and localities. In relation to water availability, nutrients and other properties, such places as aggregates can show properties of extreme habitats. These features, which can act at different levels of the system from the community level down to the cellular level, are summarized as stress factors. The latter, where many switches are located leading to different strategies of survival, is described as the most important one. This raises the question of how organisms have adapted to such conditions. The soil system demands a broad spectrum of adaptations and/or adjustments for a highly variable environment. The soil microorganisms' adaptation can thus be seen as the highest kind of flexibility and is more useful than any other special adaptation.     

Cell-Associated Adsorption of Thorium or Uranium from Aqueous System Using Various Microorganisms

The cell-associated adsorption of thorium or uranium from the solution containing each metal only at pH 3.50 using various microorganisms was examined. Among the species tested, high thorium adsorption abilities were exhibited by strains of the gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter nicotianae IAM12342, Bacillus megaterium IAM1166, B. Subtilis IAM1026, Micrococcus luteus IAM1056, Rhodococcus erythropolis IAM1399, and Streptomyces levoris HUT6156. And high uranium adsorption abilities were found in some gram-positive bacterial strains S. albus HUT6047, S. levoris HUT6156, and A. nicotianae IAM12342. Among these highly efficient thorium and uranium adsorbing microorganisms, S. levoris, which could adsorb the largest amount of uranium from the aqueous solution at pH 3.50, could adsorb about 383 mol thorium and 390 mol uranium per gram dry weight of microbial cells from the solution containing thorium or uranium at pH 3.50. The amount and time course of thorium adsorbed were almost unaffected by co-existing uranium; however, the adsorption of thorium was faster when carried out after the adsorption of uranium. Thorium adsorption also became faster when uranium was added after thorium adsorption. The effect of pH on thorium adsorption was also discussed.