盐渍土冬小麦叶面喷施硼、锌、铁肥优化配比及增产效应研究

在黄淮海平原盐渍土低产区对冬小麦喷施硼、锌、铁肥的试验结果表明,硼锌铁肥的浓度配比与冬小麦的籽实产量呈显著复相关关系。在适宜的浓度配比范围内喷施硼锌铁混合肥,可促使冬小麦根系生长。植株地上部叶面积、叶绿素含量及净光合率得到提高,作物根系对土壤中氮磷养分的吸收和利用得到改善,对产量构成因素有明显的促进作用。     

Influence of level and source of Fe on growth and nutrient content of Euglena gracilis

Abstract

Growth parameters and Fe, Cu, Mn and N status of Euglena gracilis cells were determined as a function of level and source of Fe supply in the nutrient environment. Use of FeEDDHA promoted cell division while FeSO₄·lb7H₂O promoted cell enlargement after 7 days. Greatest N content was present in rapidly dividing as compared to enlarging cells. Copper content was directly related to cell size with larger cells containing more Cu than smaller cells. Manganese uptake was inversely related to Fe supply with FeSO₄·lb7H₂O inhibiting Mn uptake to a greater extent than chelated Fe. Iron uptake increased significantly with the addition of iorganic or chelated Fe. The Fe uptake was comparable from both sources at the 1 ppm Fe level of supply, but much greater amounts of Fe were accumulated from inorganic supply at the 10 ppm Fe level.     

杉木、马尾松、甜槠等林分下土壤养分状况研究

对中等立地上杉木、马尾松,甜槠等林分的土壤养分状况进行了综合比较,结果表明：不同林分对土壤有机质及矿质养分的影响不尽相同,阔叶林能增加土壤有机质积累,改善土壤养分状部;马尾松林对提高土壤有效性Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ含量具有一定作用,特别是对提高有效Ｐ作用很大;杉木纯林不利于改善土壤养分状况及土壤理化性质;针阔混交林能改良土壤养分状况,尤其能较好地改良土壤有效性微量元素状况,防止地方衰退,有利于林业持续发展,另     

Yield and Zinc,Copper, Manganese and Iron Concentration in Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown on Vertisol as Influenced by Zinc Application from Various Zinc Fertilizers

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils and field crops is widespread across the world, including India, resulting in severe reduction in yield. Hence, soil application of Zn fertilizers is recommended for ameliorating Zn deficiency in soil and for obtaining higher crop yield and better crop quality. Zinc sulfate is commonly used Zn fertilizer in India because of its solubility and less cost. However, good quality and adequate quantity of zinc sulfate is not available in the market round the year for farmers' use. Field experiments were therefore conducted during rainy season of 2010 and 2011 at research farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India to assess the influence of Zn application through zinc sulfate monohydrate (33% Zn), zinc polyphosphate (21% Zn) and Zn ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) (12% Zn) on yield and micronutrient concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). In both the years, grain and vegetative tissue (stover) yield of maize increased significantly with successive application of Zn up to 1 kg ha^?1 added through zinc sulfate monohydrate and zinc polyphosphate. Addition of 2.5 kg Zn ha^?1 did not increase yield further but resulted in highest stover Zn concentration. Zinc, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) concentration in maize grain varied from 22.2 to 27.6, 1.6 to 2.5, 3.5 to 4.7 and 19.9 to 24.5 mg kg^?1 respectively in both the years. Maize stover had 25.9 to 36.2, 7.9 to 9.8, 36.7 to 44.9 and 174 to 212 mg kg^?1 Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe, respectively. Zinc application did not influence Cu, Mn and Fe concentration in both grain and stover of maize. Transfer coefficients (TCs) of micronutrients varied from 0.72 to 0.95, 0.18 to 0.30, 0.08 to 0.13 and 0.10 to 0.15 for Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe respectively. Total Zn uptake significantly increased with Zn application from 0.5 to 2.5 kg ha^?1 supplied through zinc sulfate monohydrate and zinc polyphosphate. Recovery efficiency of Zn declined with increased Zn rates.     

保铃剂中氨基酸和微量元素含量的测定

采用双指示剂甲醛滴定法测得保铃剂中氨基酸总量为１．０２％。用原子吸收光谱仪测得保铃剂中钾、锌、铁、铜、钠、锂等６种元素的平均含量（ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）为：Ｋ为９０５８．３３，Ｚｎ为６７８５．０，Ｎａ为４７３６．５０，Ｆｅ为４０５．２５，Ｃｕ为２２．０，Ｌｉ为１．６７。     

氨基酸微量元素螯合肥对玉米产量和品质的影响

[目的]探讨3种氨基酸微肥(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)对糯玉米的作用。[方法]在大田条件下,以清水为对照,喷施不同氨基酸微肥,研究对玉米性状、产量、品质的影响。[结果]与清水处理相比,氨基酸微肥明显提高玉米产量,比对照高13.43%以上,其中氨基酸微肥(Ⅲ)产量最高,为31 900.45 kg/hm2,高于对照23.04%,其次为氨基酸微肥Ⅰ29 411.76 kg/hm2和氨基酸微肥Ⅱ29 502.26 kg/hm2,最低是对照25927.60 kg/hm2。氨基酸微肥处理的可溶性还总糖和蛋白质含量显著高于对照,其中氨基酸微肥Ⅲ处理的玉米品质最佳,显著高于氨基酸微肥Ⅰ和Ⅱ处理。[结论]氨基酸微肥Ⅲ对玉米生长影响最大,不仅提高产量,而且改善玉米品质,是一种理想的叶面肥。     

长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻子粒与土壤锌、 硼、 铜、 铁、 锰含量的影响

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年,研究了不同施肥模式对水稻子粒与土壤微量元素含量的影响。结果表明,与不施肥（CK）相比,化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、 化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的水稻子粒Zn、 B、 Cu含量均有不同程度的提高,并尤以NPKM处理最为明显,三种微量元素含量分别提高14.3%、 25.1%、 465.2%,均达差异显著水平。NPKM与NPKS处理还不同程度地提高了子粒Mn含量,但各施肥处理的子粒Fe含量均显著降低。各施肥处理尤其是NPKM与NPKS均显著提高了子粒微量元素吸收量。NPK处理的土壤有效B、 Fe、 Zn、 Cu含量与CK相比均呈下降趋势,且有效Zn、 Mn含量较试验前土壤分别降低了36.4%与24.6%,而NPKM与NPKS处理缓解了下降趋势,且NPKM处理的土壤有效Zn、 B、 Mn含量分别较CK提高46.6%、 52.0%、 43.0%,均达差异显著水平。土壤有机质与子粒B、 Cu、 Zn含量呈显著正相关,子粒必需氨基酸、 粗蛋白与子粒Zn含量呈显著正相关。以上结果说明,长期化肥配施牛粪或秸秆还田有利于提高水稻子粒Zn、 B、 Cu等微量元素含量和产量,改善子粒营养品质,一定程度上又可缓解土壤有效微量元素含量的下降,是适合南方黄泥田的施肥模式。     

Effect of B,Mn and Zn on nodulation and N2‐fixation in southernpeas

Abstract

Two greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of B, Mn and Zn on nodulation and N₂‐fixation of southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Halp.) cultivars ‘Freezegreen’, ‘Mississippi Silver’ and ‘Pinkeye Purple Hull’. The cultivars were grown in plastic pots with a Norfolk sandy loam (fine, loamy siliceous thermic, Typic Paleudult) soil treated with B, Mn and Zn at rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg/ha each at pH levels 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5. At pH 6.5 all micronutrient treatments significantly increased nodulation and N₂‐fixation over the control (no micronutrient applied). The effects of B, Mn and Zn on nodulation and N₂‐fixation depended on the cultivar and soil pH. For plants given the 5 kg/ha B and Mn treatments, ‘Mississippi Silver’ produced the highest number of nodules and ‘Pinkeye Purple Hull’ the least. At 20 kg/ha Zn, nodulation of ‘Freezegreen’ was highest and ‘Pinkeye Purple Hull’ the lowest. As a whole, maximum nodulation was at 5 kg/ha B and Mn and 20 kg/ha for Zn. Nitrogen fixation rates responded similarly except that the optimum rate for Zn was 10 kg/ha. Seed yield of plants peaked at 5 kg/ha for B and 10 kg/ha for Zn, indicating a possible relation of N₂‐fixation to seed yield.     

塿土农业生态系统中微量元素研究 Ⅱ 有机肥对作物-土壤中Zn Mn Cu平衡的影响

采用８年肥料定位试验，研究有机肥对植株和土壤中Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ平衡状况的影响．结果表明，随有机肥用量增加，小麦、玉米籽粒和秸秆中Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ的含量降低．每年施用 ３２． ７５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ Ｐ和 ３７．５ ｔ／ｈｍ２有机肥，其中的有效 Ｚｎ和 Ｃｕ不能补偿一年两熟的作物携出，有效Ｍｎ有余．土壤对Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ的供应有相当的自动调节能力．土壤中３种元素的理论盈亏量和实际消长量之间有显著的相关性．