人工模拟坡面产流试验研究

采用活动式人工模拟降雨试验装置,在室外对不同种类土壤、坡比、植被条件下的模型坡面产流进行了试验研究,重点分析了下垫面因子对坡面流流速的影响。结果表明:细沟流速随坡度的变陡而明显增大,坡面流速和细沟流速的比值随坡度的增加有明显变小的趋势,土壤理化性质、地表糙率的不同使坡面产流等也呈现出不同的特点。     

枣尺蠖核多角体病毒对6种幼虫感染试验

用枣尺蠖核多角体病毒 (CzNPN)天津毒株病毒悬液 ,采用浸叶法 ,浓度为 2 5× 1 0 7PIB/ml,分别感染饲喂枣尺蠖 (ChihuozaoYang)、槐尺蛾 (SemiothisacinerariaBremeretGrey)、柳毒蛾 (LeucomasalicisLinnaeus)、舞毒蛾[Lymantriadispar (Linnaeus) ]、折带黄毒蛾 [(Euproctisflava (Bremer) ]、榆叶蜂 (ArgecaptivaSmith) 6种 3～ 4龄的幼虫 ,仅枣尺蠖 1种幼虫感病死亡 ,而其它 5种幼虫未见到感病症状 ,说明CzNPV对原始寄主枣尺蠖有较强专一性 ,可作为枣尺蠖生物防治的一个重要措施     

太原市晋阳湖水质对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的影响

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术综合评价晋阳湖的水质污染情况。采集太原市晋阳湖5个样点的水,直接处理蚕豆根尖,检测各组水样对根尖细胞形成微核的诱导效应,并评价对应水体的污染程度。用晋阳湖5个水样点的湖水处理蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率为0.267%~1.767%,其中,渔场、电厂出水口、游泳处水样的污染较为严重,形成的微核率均高于0.7%,显著高于对照组水样(p0.05)。晋阳湖水质具有一定的遗传毒性效应,晋阳湖水已受到不同程度的污染。     

Blood lactate responses to submaximal field exercise tests in thoroughbred horses

The associations between velocity during a standardized, submaximal 800-m exercise test and blood lactate concentration after exercise were investigated in Thoroughbred racehorses on sand and grass racetracks. Predicted lactate concentrations for each horse's exercise test velocity were calculated from the line of best fit derived from results at each racetrack. The repeatability of the differences between the measured and predicted blood lactate response to exercise was also investigated. Exercise tests were conducted at speeds ranging from 12.8 to 16.6 m/s. The variability of velocity within the exercise test was expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the times for the four 200-m sections.On the sand track, the coefficient of determination for the lactate-speed relationship was highest for an exponential regression equation [lactate (mmol/L) = 0.08e(0.33x)(m/s);r(2)= 0.58, P< 0.05;n = 21]. Similar coefficients of determination were calculated for linear (r(2)= 0.56) and second order polynomial equations (r(2)= 0. 57). On the grass racetrack, the relationship was best described by a second order polynomial equation [lactate (mmol/L) = -0.87x(2)+ 28. 17x - 211.41;r(2)= 0.57, P< 0.05;n = 25]. The mean differences between the measured and predicted blood lactate concentrations in repeated tests were 1.9 +/- 1.8 (SD) and 1.8 +/- 1.7 ( SD) on the sand and grass racetracks. There were no significant associations between the velocity of the exercise and the CV on either racetrack. Differences between measured and predicted blood lactate concentrations, based on track-specific lines of best fit, have potential application in field studies of fitness in Thoroughbred horses.     

墨西哥柏优树自由授粉子代测定初报

对从四川省引进的52株墨西哥柏优树自由授粉种子子代进行了单点测定。结果表明：树高、胸径均大于群体平均值5％以上的共有9个家系，以20％的入选率，遗传增益分别为16.7%和41.4%；各家系的生长差异受遗传控制的同时，也受立地条件的影响；苗高与幼林树高存在一定的相关性。     

过氧化氢对小鼠骨髓微核率和孕鼠胚胎着床及生长的影响

通过体内试验研究了过氧化氢对小鼠骨髓微核率和胚胎着床及孕鼠生长发育的影响。将妊娠的昆明种(KM)小鼠分成5个处理组,分别为环磷酰胺(40.00 mg/kg)、蒸馏水和过氧化氢(500.00,125.00,31.25 mg/kg)组。于妊娠后6~15 d,每天采用灌胃给药,环磷酰胺组于妊娠后11~13 d腹腔一次性注射。每3 d称重1次,于妊娠第18 d称重后剖腹检查。另取雌雄各半KM小鼠分成5个处理组,分别为环磷酰胺、蒸馏水和过氧化氢(500.00,100.00,10.00 mg/kg)组,均采用灌胃染毒,每天1次,连续4 d,第5 d处死小鼠,取股骨髓液常规制片,计算红细胞微核率。结果表明,吸收胎和死胎数蒸馏水组为5.56%,中剂量过氧化氢组增加到19.53%(P<0.01),低剂量组增加到13.14%(P<0.05)。蒸馏水组小鼠嗜多染红细胞微核率为0%~0.002%,过氧化氢组增加到0.017%~0.032%(P<0.01)。在本试验剂量范围内过氧化氢有明显的胚胎毒性和遗传毒性。     

不同浸提处理后竹材的防霉性能

研究了冷水、热水、苯 醇、苯 乙醚、10 g.kg-1盐酸(HCl)和10 g.kg-1氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)浸提处理后毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens的霉变性能。结果表明:①经10 g.kg-1HCl浸提的竹片防木霉Trichoderma viride,橘青霉Penicillium citrinum和黑曲霉Aspergillus niger效果最佳,接种1个月后试样平均被害值均为0。②经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片对木霉、橘青霉有较好的防霉效果。经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片如不经过水洗,接种1个月后试样平均被害值均为0;而经过水洗后防霉效果有不同程度下降,对木霉和橘青霉而言,处理后试样平均被害值分别为1.58和0.35。经10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提的竹片对于黑曲霉的防治效果不佳,10 g.kg-1NaOH浸提后的竹片水洗前后对黑曲霉的试样平均被害值分别为1.82和2.79。③经冷水、热水、苯 醇、苯 乙醚浸提竹片的防霉效果均不佳,7 d以后试样平均被害值均已达到3.00以上,主要原因在于不同溶液浸提出的竹材内含物成分和数量不同。图3表2参12     

马尾松球果烘干取种试验

用ＩＨＴ球果烘干机烘干马尾松球果，温度４５－５５℃，持续４８ｈ，所得种子的发芽率为８５．０％，发芽势为５５．７％，效果很好。     

怒江干旱河谷灌溉定额变化趋势分析

利用福贡、潞江坝、孟定等3个站1960～2000年逐月气象数据及作物种植、农业耕作等资料,采用Mann-Kendall法和R/S分析法研究了怒江干旱河谷区近40年来的干湿变化及农业灌溉定额的转折变化趋势.结果表明,怒江河谷内降水增多、气温下降、年ET0有增有减,但整个河谷朝湿润化演变;水稻灌溉定额和农业综合灌溉定额大多呈减少趋势,只有潞江坝的水稻例外.怒江河谷内气象因子、干湿指数的转折点在20世纪70～90年代初都出现过,但ET0、水稻灌溉定额、农业综合灌溉定额没有转折变化.进一步分析发现了福贡、潞江坝站ET0变化的"蒸发悖论"现象,反映出西南纵向岭谷区受特殊地理环境的作用下,呈现气候环境和灌溉定额变化趋势的复杂性.     

Assessment of nickel's sufficiency critical levels in cultivated soils,employing commonly used calibration techniques

Although Ni has been officially recognized as an essential micronutrient for all higher plants since 2004, research on assessing its sufficiency critical levels with different soil tests is missing in the literature. The objective of the study was to determine Ni critical levels in unpolluted cultivated soils utilizing four methods, employing three commonly used calibration techniques. Ten soils with different physical–chemical properties and low Ni content were treated with Ni at rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg^?1. After equilibration for one month, the soils were analyzed for extractable Ni by four methods, namely DTPA, AB‐DTPA, AAAc‐EDTA, and Mehlich‐3. Response to soil‐applied Ni was assessed by a greenhouse pot experiment, with the untreated and Ni‐treated soils in three replications, using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The aboveground biomass of ryegrass was harvested two months after sowing, dry weight of biomass was measured and relative biomass yield was calculated. Nickel's critical levels were determined employing the: (a) graphical technique of Brown and co‐workers, (b) Mitscherlich–Bray equation, and (c) Cate and Nelson graphical technique. According to the first technique, Ni critical levels were ≈ 2 mg kg^?1 for the DTPA and AB‐DTPA methods, and 6.0 and 5.3 mg kg^?1 for the AAAc‐EDTA and Mehlich‐3 methods, respectively. Similar levels were obtained by the Mitscherlich–Bray equation. However, the critical levels assessed by the Cate and Nelson technique were lower and ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 mg kg^?1 for all four methods. Conclusively, Ni sufficiency critical levels for all four methods are expected to range at levels of a few mg Ni kg^?1 of soil. As far as the three calibration techniques are concerned, a distinct boundary between Ni response and non‐response was accomplished by none. However, the fact that 60–74% of the soils were correctly separated into responsive and non‐responsive to added Ni by the graphical technique of Brown and co‐workers suggests that this is the most suitable technique.