Developmental temperature stress and parental identity shape offspring burst swimming performance in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Abstract – The persistent effects of embryonic temperature stress and individual parentage on fry swimming performance were examined in a cross‐fertilisation experiment using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A fixed‐velocity test of burst swimming was used to assess the endurance capacity and behavioural performance of individual fry from 10 offspring families incubated at 12, 14 or 16 °C to hatch and then reared through yolk absorption and exogenous feeding stages in a common posthatch environment (average 6.9 °C). Fry burst swim time (BST) was influenced by an interaction between incubation temperature and family identity. Average BST was longer for fry from the 12 °C prehatch treatment compared to 14 and 16 °C, although differences were largely attributable to temperature effects on average fry size. Behavioural observations revealed that fish incubated at 16 °C performed more poorly, having a larger proportion of individuals that required stimulation to swim, fatigued more frequently or were classified as ‘nonswimmers’. Within all three incubation temperature treatments, mean BST varied significantly among offspring families, independent of fry mass and length. An interesting relationship was observed within the 16 °C treatment, whereby families with higher survivorship were characterised with lower mean BSTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure to high temperatures in early sockeye salmon development can result in persistent, parentally mediated effects on fry performance. As such, these results provide important insight into how elevated temperature events during egg incubation may affect early life history selection processes and survival in stages beyond when the stressor is experienced.     

靶向S基因外源性microRNA抑制TGEV增殖效果的研究

应用生物信息学软件对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S基因进行分析,筛选出可能与S基因有相互作用的外源miRNA:amiRNA-S-28035,amiRNA-S-28038,amiRNA-S-28165。之后,利用脂质体将构建好的相应的表达载体瞬时转染至PK-15细胞;通过Q-PCR和间接免疫荧光方法检测其对S基因的抑制作用;CPE分析和TCID50测定检测其对TGEV增殖的抑制效果。结果发现,3个外源性miRNA均降低了S基因mRNA的转录和蛋白的表达,其中amiRNA-S-28038对TGEV mRNA的平均抑制率可达64.6%,最高可达69.9%,表明外源性microRNA可以通过靶向TGEV基因组来抑制TGEV的复制。研究结果为猪传染性胃肠炎的预防和治疗提供了新的思路。     

奶牛OLR1 3′UTR A223C多态的生物学信息分析

[目的]探索氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体OLR1 3＇UTR A223C多态与奶牛乳脂率高低紧密关联的分子机制。[方法]用miRanda（1.0）软件装载牛microRNA数据库,预测OLR1 3＇UTR潜在的microRNA。[结果]共预测16个microRNA靶标,OLR1 3＇UTR A223C突变定位于bta-miR-370靶标种子序列的互补区。[结论]由于OLR1 3＇UTR A→C突变导致bta-miR-370靶标的消失,为OLR1 3＇UTR A223C多态与奶牛乳脂率高低紧密关联的分子机制深入研究提供依据。     

杉木优良家系主要生长性状遗传距离聚类分析

对１１２个杉木优良家系的主要生长性状，采用主成分遗传距离法进行综合评价，从中选出４０个高产优良家系，平均材积遗传增益达７１．５％，能显著提高增益水平。     

家庭蚕桑适度规模经营的实践探索

推地蚕桑适度规模经营是提高蚕桑生产经济效益的一项主要途径。海宁市对蚕桑适度规模经营进行了试点实践和调查，并就提出该课题的依据，可能性，典型蚕户的经营分析，适度规模经营的指标，优缺点进行了有益探讨。     

汉英姓名的异同与翻译

姓名是人类社会特有的文化现象,具有鲜明的民族性、时代性、社会性和历史性。对不同民族姓名的研究有助于我们加深对本民族及其他民族的认识和了解。汉语姓名英译,应以汉语拼音方案拼写译注中国人姓名为准,废止威妥玛式拼音;英语姓名汉译宜采用音译法,适当保留西方人创立的一些中国古代哲人的英译名,在英译汉语姓名里的字、号时,可酌情加注释。     

杉木外地优良家系引种及选择研究

从南京林业大学引进22个杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)第二代种子园优良家系,对其10年试验结果进行分析,引种家系胸径生长与对照存在显著的遗传差异,大部分家系生长量不如贵州黎平的(对照ck2)高;各家系生长量达显著和极显著水平,以生产力指数、稳定性参数和材积生长量综合评判,将参试家系分成优良(Ⅰ)、中等(Ⅱ)、较差(Ⅲ)3类,并从中选出3个可以在我省利用和推广的优良家系。     

对高校图书馆安置引进人才家属馆员的思考

通过对浙师大等10余所高校图书馆安置引进人才家属情况的调研分析,从精神面貌、心理状态、专业素质角度,论述了对其进行专业素质教育的重要意义;从文化背景、工作经验、自我完善等方面探讨了专业素质教育的可行性,并提出专业素质教育的具体措施。