中国不同行政级别城市建成区面积扩展对其绿地扩张影响的实证分析

不同城市中建成区、建成区绿地面积的扩张存在差异,中国采用的行政区划使其差异更加明显。以中国1996-2014年县级及以上城市建成区面积、建成区绿地面积的面板数据为基础,将不同行政级别城市分组后,运用计量分析、变异系数,定量化分析其影响,测算得出城市组间影响力大小、组内影响力差异及组间影响力的逐年变化,这对于指导不同行政等级城市的绿地发展,统筹全国城市绿地建设具一定意义。实证分析表明,1我国直辖市、副省级市、地级市、县级市组间建成区绿地面积、建成区面积扩张之间存在长期均衡关系;2城市组间建成区每扩展1%,拉动直辖市建成区绿地扩张1.58%、副省级市1.19%、地级市1.47%、县级市1.42%;3城市组内影响力差异属县级市最大、副省级市最小、直辖市较小,地级市偏大;4城市组间建成区对于建成区绿地扩张的影响力度均逐年增加。     

风雪荷载作用下Venlo型温室结构整体性能研究

为研究风雪荷载作用下Venlo型温室结构的整体性能,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,考虑温室结构的实际工作状态、材料非线性、几何大变形以及构件初始几何缺陷的影响,建立Venlo型温室结构的单榀骨架、整体骨架、整体骨架覆盖薄膜、整体骨架覆盖玻璃和整体骨架覆盖PC板5种计算模型,分别模拟5种风雪荷载工况下各结构的整体受力情况,给出了相应安全系数和空间作用系数,分析了Venlo型温室结构的空间整体性能。结果表明:檩条支撑作用使温室结构空间作用效应提高约0~33.7%;覆盖材料对提高整体骨架空间作用效应的影响不可忽略,约为28.1%~383.4%,且玻璃覆盖整体骨架时产生的影响最大,PC板次之,薄膜再次之;对Venlo型温室结构进行设计计算时,可适当考虑檩条、覆盖材料等对结构空间作用效应的提高作用。研究成果可为完善Venlo型温室结构设计理论提供参考。     

The extradural pressure profile in goats following extradural injection

ObjectiveTo measure the extradural pressures in goats before and after extradural injection, and to investigate the occurrence of extradural pressure waves.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsNine healthy adult goats weighing 59.4 ± 6.4 kg, scheduled for stifle arthroscopy.MethodsThe goats were pre–medicated with midazolam and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. The goats were placed in lateral recumbency and extradural puncture was performed via the lumbosacral space. Correct placement of the needle was assessed by lack of resistance to the injection of saline. The needle was connected to an electronic pressure transducer to record extradural pressure. Measurements were taken before and after extradural injection of methadone (0.1 mg kg^?1, diluted to a total volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1) and 10 minutes later. Contrast medium was injected and correct extradural needle placement confirmed by radiography.ResultsLack of resistance to injection of saline occurred in all goats, but there were no pressure waves observed before injection in any animal. Radiography indicated incorrect needle placement in four animals and one had pressure waves synchronous with the arterial pulse after methadone injection. Correct needle placement was confirmed in the remaining five animals which exhibited pressure waves after extradural methadone injection. In the five goats with successful needle placement the baseline extradural pressure ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 kPa (3–19 mmHg), increasing to 4.4–39.9 kPa (33–300 mmHg) after injection. Ten minutes after injection, extradural pressure remained elevated and ranged from 2.5 to 17.3 kPa (19–130 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevanceExtradural pressure waves were not useful to confirm correct extradural needle placement in laterally recumbent goats. The presence of such waves after injection of 0.2 mL kg^?1 may be indicative of correct placement but even here we saw one of nine animals with extradural pressure waves where we failed to confirm correct needle placement. Extradural pressure increases after extradural injection.     

Leptospira interrogans at the Human–Wildlife Interface in Northern Botswana: A Newly Identified Public Health Threat

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In northern Botswana, humans live in close proximity to a diversity of wildlife and peridomestic rodents and may be exposed to a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Little is known regarding the occurrence and epidemiology of L. interrogans in Africa despite the recognized global importance of this zoonotic disease and the threat it poses to public health. In Botswana, banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) live in close proximity to humans across protected and unprotected landscapes and may be a useful sentinel species for assessing the occurrence of zoonotic organisms, such as L. interrogans. We utilized PCR to screen banded mongoose kidneys for leptospiral DNA and identified 41.5% prevalence of renal carriage of L. interrogans (exact binomial 95% CI 27.7–56.7%, n = 41). Renal carriage was also detected in one Selous' mongoose (Paracynictis selousi). This is the first published confirmation of carriage of L. interrogans in either species. This is also the first report of L. interrogans occurrence in northern Botswana and the only report of this organism in a wildlife host in the country. Pathogenic Leptospira are usually transmitted indirectly to humans through soil or water contaminated with infected urine. Other avenues, such as direct contact between humans and wildlife, as well as consumption of mongooses and other wildlife as bushmeat, may pose additional exposure risk and must be considered in public health management of this newly identified zoonotic disease threat. There is a critical need to characterize host species involvement and pathogen transmission dynamics, including human–wildlife interactions that may increase human exposure potential and infection risk. We recommend that public health strategy be modified to include sensitization of medical practitioners to the presence of L. interrogans in the region, the potential for human infection, and implementation of clinical screening. This study illustrates the need for increased focus on neglected zoonotic diseases as they present an important threat to public health.     

植物病害生物防治与微生态学

在概述植物病害生物防治生态学意义的基础上,从植物微生态学的角度阐述了植物根围菌及内生菌作为生防菌的依据和意义。特别是内生菌是植物体内的正常菌群,对植物病害生物防治具有重要的生态学实践意义。     

空间导叶式离心泵的数值计算及优化设计

基于Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法对一空间导叶式离心泵进行全流道三维湍流数值计算,分析了导叶式离心泵在设计工况下整个流道、环形空间及其空间导叶内部的流场分布,并进行试验验证计算结果.结果表明,叶轮叶片吸力面靠近进口区域压力最小,出现负值,该区域将有可能发生空化;液体流经叶轮和空间导叶之间的环形空间时将产生较大的冲击损失;液体由叶轮出口高速旋转流出经过环形空间流入空间导叶,空间导叶进口附近流速较大,在空间导叶吸力面的入口处存在二次流.试验结果和计算结果吻合较好,在相同流量下数值计算结果和试验数据的最大误差基本小于15%,在可以接受的范围之内,证明了数值计算的有效性.该研究结果为空间导叶的几何参数优化提供了一定的理论参考.     

考虑混沌成分的混凝土坝混合-混沌预测模型

混凝土坝表现出复杂的非线性动力学特性。考虑混沌成分对测值序列整体数值特征的影响,是提高混凝土坝位移监控模型拟合和预测精度的关键问题之一。在对混凝土坝监测资料混沌分析的基础上,基于混凝土坝系统演化过程中的非线性动力学特性,组合应用最大Lyapunov指数、相空间重构等数值分析手段,探讨了考虑混沌成分的混凝土坝混合-混沌预测模型构建原理与算法。该模型重点依据的是最近一次位移突变后的监测资料,考虑的是突变后形成的相对稳定的混凝土坝动力系统特性,实例证明该模型对混凝土坝位移的实时监测和预警都有重要意义。     

低温条件下组合式生态浮床系统净化微污染水体的特性研究

为研究低温对生态浮床水质净化效果的影响,引入陶粒作为浮床的基质,构筑了美人蕉-陶粒基质组合式生态浮床系统,研究在低温条件下其对微污染水体水质净化的效果特性。结果表明,在进水温度为0.5~15℃,进水DO浓度为4.94~6.65mg/L,水体交换时间为7d下,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的平均去除率为36.30%、77.37%、50.34%、52.56%、16.89%和70.99%。当水体的温度低于5.0℃,该生态浮床系统对水体中NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN、COD和色度的去除效果均有所下降。